新课改下高中物理模型教学的理论与实践探究

发布时间：2018-06-16 18:29

本文选题：物理模型 + 教学　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：现阶段在新课改广泛推行,传统的物理教学模式,正在遭受越来越多的质疑和挑战。近年来,物理教学工作者越来越关注模型教学法在高中物理教学所起得重要作用。大多数教育工作者都认为,在教学过程中引入物理模型对于提高学生的学习成绩、创新能力以及科学素养有着巨大的作用。生活中的物理现象和物理过程包含了诸多因素,因此都是十分复杂的,这种复杂性导致学生无法区分主要因素和次要因素,造成学生分析问题的困难性。高中物理课是应用型学科的基础,研究的是最一般、最基本的规律。这就要求我们能够将现实生活中复杂的物理问题进行简化,这种简化就是物理建模的过程。物理模型有助于排除物理问题中非本质因素的影响,舍弃无关矛盾或者次要矛盾,突出反映事物的本质特征及一般规律,使得所研究的问题得以简化甚至是理想化。构建和应用物理模型,不仅能让学生对实际现象的本质规律有所了解,而且将物理知识和生活实际联系起来,以达到让学生觉得学习物理有趣、有用的目的,促使学生运用学到的物理知识解释生活问题。因此,物理模型教学法对于培养学生的学习能力、创新能力和科学素养方面都有着重要的作用。本文以作者自身教学实践为基础,对物理模型教学理论进行了系统研究,综述了关于在高中物理教学中进行物理模型教学的理论,探讨了学生在学习物理模型时所遵循的教育学、心理学原理,以及将模型教学法引入高中物理教学所应遵循的原则。除此之外,本文结合新课改的要求,归纳并总结了在高中物理教学中运角物理模型开展教学工作应当达到的目标。最后提出了在教学实践中开展物理模型教学的具体方法。本文也结合自身教学经验,给出了几个在高中物理教学中实施模型教学的案例。理论研究和教学实践都充分说明,物理模型教学符合教育学与心理学的基本理论,模型教学是对教育学、心理学基本理论的实际应用,将物理模型教学法引入课堂,能够有效激发学生学习兴趣,促进学生思维发展,培养他们的创新意识和科学素养。
[Abstract]:At present, the new curriculum reform is widely carried out, and the traditional physics teaching mode is being questioned and challenged more and more. In recent years, physics teachers pay more and more attention to the important role of model teaching method in physics teaching in senior high school. Most educators believe that the introduction of physical models in the teaching process plays an important role in improving students' academic achievement, innovation ability and scientific literacy. The physical phenomena and processes in life contain many factors, so they are very complicated. This complexity leads to the students being unable to distinguish the main factors from the secondary factors, which makes it difficult for students to analyze the problems. Physics course in senior high school is the foundation of applied subject, which is the most general and basic law. This requires us to simplify complex physical problems in real life, which is the process of physical modeling. The physical model is helpful to eliminate the influence of non-essential factors in physical problems, abandon irrelevant or minor contradictions, highlight the essential characteristics and general laws of things, and simplify and even idealize the problems studied. The construction and application of physical models can not only make students understand the essential laws of practical phenomena, but also connect physical knowledge with the reality of life, so as to make students feel that learning physics is interesting and useful. To encourage students to use the physical knowledge learned to explain life problems. Therefore, the physical model teaching method plays an important role in cultivating students' learning ability, innovation ability and scientific literacy. Based on the author's own teaching practice, this paper makes a systematic research on the theory of physics model teaching, and summarizes the theory of physics model teaching in senior high school physics teaching. This paper probes into the pedagogy, the principles of psychology and the principles that should be followed in the introduction of the model teaching method into physics teaching in senior high school. In addition, combined with the requirements of the new curriculum reform, this paper summarizes and summarizes the goals that should be achieved by carrying out the teaching of angle physics model in physics teaching in senior high school. Finally, the paper puts forward the concrete method of physical model teaching in teaching practice. This paper also gives some examples of model teaching in physics teaching in senior high school. Both theoretical research and teaching practice fully show that physical model teaching accords with the basic theories of pedagogy and psychology. Model teaching is the practical application of pedagogy and psychology. It can effectively stimulate students' interest in learning, promote the development of students' thinking, and cultivate their innovative consciousness and scientific literacy.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.7

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