《朱子语类》对语文教学的启示

发布时间：2018-06-23 23:11

本文选题：朱子语类 + 语文教学　；参考：《南京师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：朱子的教育思想是中国传统教育思想之大成,《朱子语类》则是研究朱子教育思想的重要文献。本文旨在通过对《朱子语类》中有关语文教育思想的内容的提炼与分析来寻求解决当前语文教学问题的答案。第一章主要从教育内容上来进行分析。朱子的教育内容重在从“尊德性”与“道问学”两个方面入手。在德性方面,朱子要求学者修炼道德秩序、社会大我以及超道德三层境界：在学问方面,朱子则要求学者广泛涉猎学习各种门类的知识。这两方面对当今语文教育的“德”与“智”有明显的补充与启发。在“智”的方面,教师应当在保证学生语文基础知识学习的基础上,以教材为桥梁向学生传授更多的哲学、史学、美学等知识以全面提高学生的综合素质；在“德”的方面,教师应摒弃传统道德说教,以教材为本,以言传身教的方法潜移默化的塑造学生的秩序意识、关怀意识以及洒脱情怀。第二章主要从教育方法上来进行分析。主要选取朱子教育方法论中的知行合一、格物致知以及读书之道。朱子知行合一强调“知在行先,行重于知”,要求教师引导学生在写作中说真话,要写自已有体验有感悟的生活,同时应当加强教学中对应用文的重视。而格物致知思想强调“即物穷理”,这启示我们语文教学的根本在于积累,只有将学生的语文根基扎得深、知识面积累的宽,才能期盼学生有朝一日能够贯通,能够举一反三。在读书之道方面,朱子强调的比较多,这里,文章主要选取静以虚心、不责效、怀疑精神、深研文本义理、沉潜用力五个方面加以补充前人曾经提取出的“朱子读书法”。第三章主要从教育评价的角度出发,首先论述朱子教育评价的目的及风格,朱子批判当时已落入格式化的科举考试,提出教育的目的是高则为圣人,下则为君子,由此引出当前语文教学中的底线评价与顶线评价。在风格方面,朱子借助“设问”和“比喻”等手法彰显出一种“活泼泼地”特色,更是为今日的语文课堂增添活力,为体现师生平等对话,张扬学生个性助上一臂之力。
[Abstract]:Zhu Zi's educational thought is a great achievement of Chinese traditional educational thought, and Zhu Zi language is an important document to study Zhu Zi's educational thought. The purpose of this paper is to find out the solution to the problems of Chinese teaching by abstracting and analyzing the contents of Chinese education thought in Zhu Zi language Class. The first chapter mainly carries on the analysis from the education content. Zhu Zi's education focuses on two aspects: respect for virtue and Taoism. In virtue, Zhu Zi requires scholars to practice moral order, social grandeur and super morality. In the field of learning, Zhu Zi requires scholars to dabble in all kinds of knowledge. These two aspects have obvious complement and inspiration to the "virtue" and "intelligence" of the present Chinese education. In the aspect of "wisdom", teachers should teach students more knowledge of philosophy, history, aesthetics and so on the basis of guaranteeing students' basic knowledge of Chinese, and teaching materials as a bridge to improve students' comprehensive quality, and on the aspect of "morality", The teacher should abandon the traditional moral preaching, take the teaching material as the foundation, mold the order consciousness, the concern consciousness and the free and easy feelings of the student with the method of teaching by words and deeds imperceptibly. The second chapter mainly carries on the analysis from the education method. The main selection of Zhu education methodology in the unity of knowledge and practice, knowledge and learning and reading. Zhu Zi emphasizes that "knowing is first, action is more important than knowledge", which requires teachers to guide students to tell the truth in writing, to write their own life with experience and perception, and to strengthen the importance of practical writing in teaching. However, the idea of "materialistic knowledge" emphasizes the "immaterial poverty", which enlightens us that the root of Chinese teaching lies in accumulation. Only when the students' Chinese foundation is deep and their knowledge is wide, can students be expected to be able to pass through and draw a conclusion from one another one day. In the way of reading, Zhu Zi emphasizes more. Here, the article mainly selects five aspects: quiet with modesty, no responsibility, doubt spirit, deep study of textual justice and Shen Qian's exertion to supplement the former "Zhu Zi's reading method" which has been extracted by predecessors. The third chapter discusses the purpose and style of Zhu Zi's education evaluation from the angle of educational evaluation. Zhu Zi criticizes that he has fallen into the formal imperial examination at that time, and points out that the purpose of education is to be a saint and a gentleman. This leads to the bottom line evaluation and top line evaluation in current Chinese teaching. In terms of style, with the help of "asking questions" and "metaphors", Zhu Zi shows a characteristic of "living and pouring land", adds vitality to today's Chinese classroom, helps to embody the equal dialogue between teachers and students, and to promote students' personality.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.3

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