高考有机化学试题分析与复习策略探究
发布时间：2018-08-21 10:00
【摘要】：高考是中国所有选拔性考试中最受重视的考试。化学在高考中占有重要的地位,其中有机化学是必考内容,而且有机化学与人们生活有着密切的联系,因此有关有机化学复习策略的研究近几年受到重视。本文系统的对2012—2014年高考理综试题(天津卷)中有机化学试题部分进行了分析并总结出高考化学有机试题特点是：有机化学知识的基础性和应用性更为突出；有机推断与合成题对社会热点和实际更为关注；更加强化能力的考查。笔者还选取了天津市滨海新区汉沽第五中学的73名高三学生进行了问卷调查,并进行了分析总结：大多数学生认为选修五《有机化学基础》要比选修四《化学反应原理》中的知识更易掌握,规律性更强,但是由于有机化学内容多,知识点杂,反应机理抽象,难于记忆,又不能灵活运用解决问题,是造成有机推断与合成题失分的主要原因。因此笔者有针对性地制定出适应天津高考有机化学的复习策略：①以概念图的“图示策略”为手段,使学生知识结构化、系统化；②以STS教育为理念,结合社会生活的热点进行教学；③结合典型例题,提高学生综合解决问题的能力；④加强练习,有机化学题的练习贯穿整个高三复习的始终。笔者将以上这四种复习策略应用在2016届高三有机化学专题复习中进行了实验。如专题复习课有机推断与合成的实证研究,有针对性的采用教学策略,从而提高学生复习有机化学知识的效率,提高有机推断与合成题解题能力。实践证明这四种教学策略在高三有机化学复习课的教学中具有可行性,取得了较好的教学效果,改变了学生的学习方式,完善了学生有机化学的知识结构,尤其是提高了学生应用能力和解决问题的能力等,与以讲授为主的传统复习教学相比具有明显优势。
[Abstract]:The college entrance examination is the most important of all the selected examinations in China. Chemistry plays an important role in the college entrance examination, among which organic chemistry is a necessary content, and organic chemistry is closely related to people's life. Therefore, the study on the review strategy of organic chemistry has been paid more attention in recent years. This paper systematically analyzes the organic chemistry part of the 2012-2014 college entrance exam (Tianjin volume) and concludes that the characteristics of organic chemistry test are: the basic and application of organic chemistry knowledge is more prominent; The organic inference and composition question pays more attention to the social hot spot and the reality; strengthens the ability examination. The author also selected 73 senior high school students from Hangu No.5 Middle School in Binhai New District of Tianjin to conduct a questionnaire survey. The results are as follows: most students think that the basic of Organic Chemistry is easier to master and have stronger regularity than that in elective four, but because of the content of organic chemistry, the knowledge is miscellaneous. Abstract reaction mechanism, difficult to remember, and not flexible to solve problems are the main reasons for the loss of organic inference and synthesis problems. Therefore, the review strategy: 1, which adapts to the organic chemistry of Tianjin college entrance examination, is designed to make students' knowledge structured and systematized by STS education, by means of "schematic strategy" of the concept map. Combining with the hot spots of social life, the author combines the typical examples to improve the students' comprehensive problem-solving ability and strengthen the practice. The practice of organic chemistry problems runs through the whole review of senior high school students all the time. The above four review strategies were applied to the review of organic chemistry in the 2016 Senior High School. For example, the empirical study of organic inference and synthesis in special topic review class, the teaching strategy should be adopted in order to improve the efficiency of students' review of organic chemistry knowledge and improve the ability of solving organic inference and composition problems. Practice has proved that these four teaching strategies are feasible in the teaching of the review course of organic chemistry in Senior three, and have achieved better teaching results, changed the students' learning methods, and improved the knowledge structure of the students' organic chemistry. Especially, it improves the students' ability to apply and solve problems, and has obvious advantages compared with the traditional review teaching.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.8
本文编号：2195357
[Abstract]:The college entrance examination is the most important of all the selected examinations in China. Chemistry plays an important role in the college entrance examination, among which organic chemistry is a necessary content, and organic chemistry is closely related to people's life. Therefore, the study on the review strategy of organic chemistry has been paid more attention in recent years. This paper systematically analyzes the organic chemistry part of the 2012-2014 college entrance exam (Tianjin volume) and concludes that the characteristics of organic chemistry test are: the basic and application of organic chemistry knowledge is more prominent; The organic inference and composition question pays more attention to the social hot spot and the reality; strengthens the ability examination. The author also selected 73 senior high school students from Hangu No.5 Middle School in Binhai New District of Tianjin to conduct a questionnaire survey. The results are as follows: most students think that the basic of Organic Chemistry is easier to master and have stronger regularity than that in elective four, but because of the content of organic chemistry, the knowledge is miscellaneous. Abstract reaction mechanism, difficult to remember, and not flexible to solve problems are the main reasons for the loss of organic inference and synthesis problems. Therefore, the review strategy: 1, which adapts to the organic chemistry of Tianjin college entrance examination, is designed to make students' knowledge structured and systematized by STS education, by means of "schematic strategy" of the concept map. Combining with the hot spots of social life, the author combines the typical examples to improve the students' comprehensive problem-solving ability and strengthen the practice. The practice of organic chemistry problems runs through the whole review of senior high school students all the time. The above four review strategies were applied to the review of organic chemistry in the 2016 Senior High School. For example, the empirical study of organic inference and synthesis in special topic review class, the teaching strategy should be adopted in order to improve the efficiency of students' review of organic chemistry knowledge and improve the ability of solving organic inference and composition problems. Practice has proved that these four teaching strategies are feasible in the teaching of the review course of organic chemistry in Senior three, and have achieved better teaching results, changed the students' learning methods, and improved the knowledge structure of the students' organic chemistry. Especially, it improves the students' ability to apply and solve problems, and has obvious advantages compared with the traditional review teaching.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.8
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