氧化还原反应化学读本编写初探

发布时间：2018-10-30 13:57

【摘要】：化学教材包括化学教科书、教辅材料等。现行中学化学教科书可读性较差,内容简单,阅读教材不能获得清楚的知识;科普性不强;缺少趣味性;缺少科学思维和科学方法。教辅材料只关注解题,过多习题训练显得枯燥无味。本文通过研究并学习国外的科学类课程优秀教科书,研究编写适合我国中学生阅读的化学读本,让学生通过自主阅读,有效地构建化学知识,了解科学方法,提高学习兴趣和学习效率。课题研究对中学化学教学的改革有创造性的建议,也将引起中学化学教科书编写的有意义的探讨。论文经文献和理论研究,在参考了国际上较为优秀的圣智科学出教育出版社的《科学》教材基础上,以适应学生自主阅读为编写指导思想,确立了化学读本编写的原则和具体写法,并以“氧化还原反应”为例编写出图文并茂、内容丰富的读本;将读本在九年级和高一学生中进行阅读学习研究,通过检查学生习题完成情况,了解学生自学成果,以了解读本的学习性;将读本交由部分高中化学教师阅读,征求意见。阅读实践研究结果表明:①阅读该读本学生能自主掌握基本知识。初三学生阅读后基本能完成习题,初三学生完成习题正确率与仅通过教师授课的高中学生差不多,有些习题的正确率初三学生甚至比高中学生更高。由此看出,学生可以通过阅读读本自主掌握知识。②本读本具有可读性。知识陈述详细、清晰,语言通俗易懂,课文组织具有较强的逻辑性。对氧化还原反应知识介绍全面、完整,思维严谨。也因此得到了阅读本读本的教师的赞许。③课文编写具有趣味性。语言基本做到了生动活泼,具有启发性,读本中有很多有趣的实验和生活小贴士,读本编写选取的事物尽量贴近学生生活,并具有有用性,能较好地实现学以致用,因而能够吸引学生的阅读兴趣。④读本具有科学性和科普性。读本体现了STSE观念,注重提高学生的科学素养和科学意识,有助于培养中学生探究能力和善于思考的能力,以及欣赏科学的情感。
[Abstract]:Chemistry textbooks include chemistry textbooks, teaching aids and so on. The current middle school chemistry textbooks are poor in readability, simple in content, unable to obtain clear knowledge in reading textbooks, lack of popularization of science, lack of interest, lack of scientific thinking and scientific methods. Teaching materials only focus on problem-solving, too much exercise training seems boring. By studying and studying the excellent textbooks of science courses abroad, this paper studies and compiles the chemistry reading books suitable for the middle school students in our country, so that the students can effectively construct the chemistry knowledge and understand the scientific methods through self-reading. Improve learning interest and learning efficiency. The research on the subject has creative suggestions on the reform of chemistry teaching in middle schools, which will also lead to a meaningful discussion on the compilation of chemistry textbooks in middle schools. On the basis of literature and theoretical research, this paper refers to the teaching materials of "Science", which is an excellent science publishing house in the world, and takes students' autonomous reading as its guiding ideology. The principle and the concrete writing method of the chemical reading book are established, and the rich and picturesque and rich reading book is prepared with the example of "redox reaction". The reading books are studied in the ninth grade and the first year of senior high school students. By checking the completion of the students' exercises, we can understand the students' self-study results, and give the reading books to some senior high school chemistry teachers to read for advice. The results of reading practice show that: 1 the students can master the basic knowledge independently. After reading, the third grade students can finish the exercises basically. The correct rate of the students completing the exercises is similar to that of the high school students who only teach by teachers, and the accuracy rate of some exercises is even higher than that of the high school students. Therefore, students can master knowledge independently through reading books. 2 readers have readability. The knowledge statement is detailed, clear, the language is easy to understand, the text organization has the strong logic. To the redox reaction knowledge introduction comprehensive, complete, the thought is rigorous. Therefore, the teachers who read this book approve. 3 the writing of the text is interesting. Language is basically lively and enlightening. There are many interesting experiments and life tips in the readbook. The things selected in the book are as close as possible to the life of the students. They are useful and can be used for learning. Therefore, it can attract students' interest in reading. 4 the reading book is scientific and popular. The reading book embodies the idea of STSE and pays attention to improving the students' scientific literacy and consciousness. It is helpful to cultivate the students' ability of inquiry and good at thinking and to appreciate the emotion of science.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.8

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