发展性评价在初中地理学习中的实践研究

发布时间：2019-03-29 08:11

【摘要】：基础教育阶段的课程改革迎着新世纪的曙光进入了崭新的变革时代,地理新课程肩负着提高学生科学素养,促进学生全面发展的历史使命。评价改革作为新课程推进过程中的重要环节,受到广大教育理论与实践研究者的共同关注,而课程价值的实现,课程目标的落实都需要有良好的学生评价予以保证,所以,在新课程实施中,建立以促进初中生的发展为主要目标的发展性评价指标,对促进学生的全面发展具有重要意义。本文基于我国基础教育改革的要求,以学生评价为视角,通过反思初中地理学习评价现状,对初中地理新课程所倡导的发展性学生评价的理论与实践问题进行了研究与探讨。理论方面:在对发展性学生评价概念及理论梳理的基础上,重点论述了初中地理学习中发展性学生评价指标的建构;笔者结合《全日制义务教育地理课程标准(2011年版)》和实习学校八年级学生的身心特征,以《义务教育地理教科书》(八年级上册(湘教版))为主要学习内容,设计了发展性评价的指标和方案,并通过对典型案例的分析,介绍了该评价体系在初中地理学习中的具体应用。实践方面:笔者在教育实习中展开了具体实践研究,从课堂学习中的发展性评价、综合实践活动中的发展性评价、测验评价这三个方面进行了详细阐述,并通过问卷调查了学生不同阶段的学习现状,从学生的学习兴趣;学习自信心;学习能力(自学能力、阅读和表达能力、创新能力、实践能力);地理成绩;团队合作意识这五个角度了解了新评价实施前后学生的变化并对发展性评价取得的效果进行了初步分析。分析结果表明:在初中地理学习中开展发展性评价相对于传统评价更有助于提高学生学习地理的兴趣和自信心,有助于培养学生的综合能力,学生地理成绩的进步也是显而易见的。研究发现:要保证发展性评价持续有效的开展,必须抓住一个关键:提高教师的评价素养是实施发展性评价的关键;处理好两对矛盾:(1)正确处理发展性评价的甄别、选拔性功能与激励、发展性功能之间的关系,(2)正确处理量化的评价和质性的评价之间的关系;注意三个问题:(1)构建科学的、操作性强的评价指标是实施发展性评价的重要前提,(2)及时持续的反馈是促进学生反思和调整学习策略的重要途径,(3)注意发挥元评价的作用。
[Abstract]:The curriculum reform in the stage of basic education has entered a new era of transformation in the light of the dawn of the new century. The new geography curriculum shoulders the historical mission of improving students' scientific literacy and promoting their all-round development. As an important link in the process of promoting the new curriculum, the evaluation reform has been paid close attention to by the researchers of educational theory and practice. Therefore, the realization of curriculum value and the implementation of curriculum objectives need to be guaranteed by good student evaluation. In the implementation of the new curriculum, it is of great significance to establish the developmental evaluation index, which is aimed at promoting the development of junior high school students as the main objective, in order to promote the all-round development of the students. Based on the requirements of the reform of elementary education in China and from the perspective of student evaluation, this paper studies and discusses the theory and practice of developing student evaluation advocated by the new geography curriculum in junior middle school through reflection on the present situation of geography learning evaluation in junior high school. Theoretical aspect: on the basis of combing the concept and theory of developmental student evaluation, this paper mainly discusses the construction of developmental student evaluation index in junior middle school geography learning; Combined with the physical and mental characteristics of the eighth grade students of the full-time compulsory education geography curriculum standard (2011 edition) and the practice school, the author takes the compulsory education geography textbook (the first volume of the eighth grade (Hunan edition) as the main learning content. This paper designs the index and scheme of developmental evaluation, and introduces the concrete application of this evaluation system in junior high school geography learning through the analysis of typical cases. Practice: the author has carried on the concrete practice research in the educational practice, has carried on the detailed elaboration from the classroom study development evaluation, the comprehensive practice activity development evaluation, the test appraisal these three aspects has carried on the elaboration, And through the questionnaire survey of the students in different stages of learning status, from the students' interest in learning; Self-confidence in learning; learning ability (self-study ability, reading and expression ability, innovation ability, practice ability); geography achievement; Team cooperation consciousness is the five angles of understanding the changes of students before and after the implementation of the new evaluation and a preliminary analysis of the effect of the developmental evaluation. The analysis results show that developing evaluation in junior high school geography learning is more helpful to improve students' interest and self-confidence in learning geography than traditional evaluation, and it is helpful to cultivate students' comprehensive ability. The progress in students' geographical performance is also evident. It is found that in order to ensure the continuous and effective development of developmental evaluation, a key must be grasped: improving teachers' evaluation literacy is the key to the implementation of developmental evaluation; Deal with two pairs of contradictions: (1) correctly deal with the discrimination of developmental evaluation, the relationship between selective function and motivation, developmental function, (2) correctly deal with the relationship between quantitative evaluation and qualitative evaluation; Pay attention to three questions: (1) constructing scientific and operational evaluation index is an important prerequisite for implementing developmental evaluation; (2) timely and continuous feedback is an important way to promote students' reflection and adjustment of learning strategies; (3) pay attention to the role of meta-evaluation.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.55

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