教育公平理论视域下异地高考问题的探究
发布时间：2019-04-28 08:05
【摘要】：转型期的中国,面临着种种剧烈的变化,其中之一就是现代化发展所引起的人口流动问题。随着我国经济的迅猛发展和城镇化进程的加快,大量农村劳动力进城务工,大批适龄儿童也跟着父母由农村流向城市,随着时间的推移,他们的教育问题特别是高考问题逐渐成为社会的焦点。由于当前高考制度实行的是“户籍+学籍”的报名方式和“统一考试、分省命题”的模式,长期在城市上学随迁子女面临着一个两难境地,即既不能在流入地参加高考,又很难适应户籍地的高考。社会对于放开异地高考的呼声也越来越大。必须明确的是,公平一直是人类的终极价值之一,而作为社会公平基石的教育公平,更是千百年来人们矢志不渝追求的理想。从孔子到陶行知,从柏拉图到胡森,人们关于教育公平的探讨从未停息。笔者在综合了中外各位名家理论的基础上,构建了自己的教育公平体系,并总结出教育公平的四大原则,即受教育权受保障原则、教育机会平等原则、程序公正和实质公正相统一原则、补偿原则。高等教育属于准公共物品,政府作为高等教育的主要提供者,无疑对高等教育领域的公平负有重要责任。从2008年开始,政府便已经开始关注异地高考问题,经过四年多的努力,终于在2012年开始了异地高考的破冰之旅。但是从目前各地落实异地高考的情况来看,外来人口较少的地区在实施异地高考政策时做得较好,而北上广等外来人口众多且教育资源较丰富的地区,仍然未能做出实质性的举措。究其原因,北上广等地区在推行异地高考政策时遇到了种种困境,诸如异地高考准入资格难以鉴定、本地人口和外来人口的利益博弈难以协调、城市承载力有限等。异地高考,早已不是一个简单的教育问题,还牵涉到户籍制度改革、教育资源分配、高考制度调整等方方面面。异地高考问题的合理解决,是一项系统性的工程,需要国家从教育公平的价值出发,做好顶层设计,从微观、中观、宏观三个层级来稳步推进改革。从微观层次来讲,目前最急切的是要推进大城市异地高考政策的放开,这需要中央和地方合力制定异地高考政策、需要科学设定异地高考准入门槛、需要建立全国性的电子学籍管理制度；从中观层次来说,改革目前不合理的高考制度势在必行,包括需要科学分配招生指标、重新建立新型考试模式等；从宏观层次来讲,没有社会大环境的公平正义,就难以保证异地高考问题的彻底解决,均衡配置教育资源、配套改革户籍制度、完善高等教育立法能够有效地为教育公平的实现提供强大的支撑。本文寄希望于从教育公平的理想出发,为广大随迁子女的教育平权运动提出自己的一些看法,也相信我们的国家会凭着“踏石有印,抓铁留痕”的坚毅力量去消除权利、机会、规则三个领域的公平正义的缺失,来捍卫权利公平,维护机会公平,彰显规则公平。
[Abstract]:During the transition period, China is faced with a variety of drastic changes, one of which is the problem of population mobility caused by the development of modernization. With the rapid development of China's economy and the acceleration of the urbanization process, a large number of rural labourers enter the city to work, and a large number of children of school age also follow their parents from the countryside to the city. With the passage of time, Their education problems, especially the college entrance examination, have gradually become the focus of the society. Because the current college entrance examination system is carrying out the registration mode of "household registration" and the mode of "unified examination, provincial proposition", the children who go to school in the city for a long time are faced with a dilemma, that is, they are neither able to take part in the entrance examination in the inflow place. It is also difficult to adapt to the registration of the college entrance examination. The call for the release of the college entrance examination in other places is becoming louder and louder. It must be clear that fairness has always been one of the ultimate values of human beings, and as the cornerstone of social equity, educational equity is the ideal that people have been pursuing unswervingly for thousands of years. From Confucius to Tao Xingzhi, from Plato to Hu Sen, people's discussion of educational equity has never stopped. On the basis of integrating the theories of famous Chinese and foreign scholars, the author constructs his own educational equity system, and sums up the four principles of educational equity, namely, the principle of ensuring the right to education and the principle of equal opportunity in education. The principle of unification of procedural justice and substantive justice, and the principle of compensation. Higher education belongs to quasi-public goods. As the main provider of higher education, the government undoubtedly bears an important responsibility for fairness in the field of higher education. Since 2008, the government has begun to pay attention to the problem of college entrance examination in different places. After more than four years of efforts, the government finally began the ice-breaking journey of the university entrance examination in 2012. However, from the current situation of the implementation of the college entrance examination in different places, areas with less foreign population have done a better job in implementing the policy of the college entrance examination in different places, while areas with a large number of foreign population and rich educational resources, such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, have done a better job. No substantive action has yet been taken. The reason is that there are many difficulties in the implementation of the college entrance examination policy in the north, Shanghai and Guangzhou, for example, it is difficult to identify the admission qualification of the college entrance examination in different places, the benefit game between the local population and the foreign population is difficult to coordinate, and the bearing capacity of the city is limited. The college entrance examination in different places is not a simple education problem, but also involves the reform of household registration system, the allocation of educational resources, the adjustment of college entrance examination system and so on. It is a systematic project to solve the problem of college entrance examination in different places. It is necessary for the state to do a good job in top-level design from the value of educational equity, and to steadily promote the reform from three levels: micro-level, medium-view level and macro-level. At the micro-level, at present, the most urgent task is to promote the liberalization of the policy of college entrance examination in large cities, which requires the central and local governments to work together to formulate the policy of college entrance examination in different places, and to scientifically set the entrance threshold of the college entrance examination in different It is necessary to establish a national electronic status management system; At the middle level, it is imperative to reform the current unreasonable college entrance examination system, including the need for scientific allocation of enrollment indicators, the re-establishment of a new type of examination mode and so on. At the macro level, without the fairness and justice of the social environment, it would be difficult to ensure a thorough solution to the problem of college entrance examination in other places, allocate educational resources in a balanced manner and reform the household registration system. The perfection of higher education legislation can effectively provide strong support for the realization of educational equity. This article hopes that starting from the ideal of educational equity, this article will put forward some of its own views for the educational affirmative movement of the vast number of displaced children, and also believe that our country will eliminate its rights and opportunities with the resolute strength of "stepping stones with imprints and scratching iron marks." The lack of fairness and justice in the three fields of rule to safeguard the right equity, safeguard the opportunity equity, and show the rule fairness.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G632.474
本文编号：2467468
[Abstract]:During the transition period, China is faced with a variety of drastic changes, one of which is the problem of population mobility caused by the development of modernization. With the rapid development of China's economy and the acceleration of the urbanization process, a large number of rural labourers enter the city to work, and a large number of children of school age also follow their parents from the countryside to the city. With the passage of time, Their education problems, especially the college entrance examination, have gradually become the focus of the society. Because the current college entrance examination system is carrying out the registration mode of "household registration" and the mode of "unified examination, provincial proposition", the children who go to school in the city for a long time are faced with a dilemma, that is, they are neither able to take part in the entrance examination in the inflow place. It is also difficult to adapt to the registration of the college entrance examination. The call for the release of the college entrance examination in other places is becoming louder and louder. It must be clear that fairness has always been one of the ultimate values of human beings, and as the cornerstone of social equity, educational equity is the ideal that people have been pursuing unswervingly for thousands of years. From Confucius to Tao Xingzhi, from Plato to Hu Sen, people's discussion of educational equity has never stopped. On the basis of integrating the theories of famous Chinese and foreign scholars, the author constructs his own educational equity system, and sums up the four principles of educational equity, namely, the principle of ensuring the right to education and the principle of equal opportunity in education. The principle of unification of procedural justice and substantive justice, and the principle of compensation. Higher education belongs to quasi-public goods. As the main provider of higher education, the government undoubtedly bears an important responsibility for fairness in the field of higher education. Since 2008, the government has begun to pay attention to the problem of college entrance examination in different places. After more than four years of efforts, the government finally began the ice-breaking journey of the university entrance examination in 2012. However, from the current situation of the implementation of the college entrance examination in different places, areas with less foreign population have done a better job in implementing the policy of the college entrance examination in different places, while areas with a large number of foreign population and rich educational resources, such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, have done a better job. No substantive action has yet been taken. The reason is that there are many difficulties in the implementation of the college entrance examination policy in the north, Shanghai and Guangzhou, for example, it is difficult to identify the admission qualification of the college entrance examination in different places, the benefit game between the local population and the foreign population is difficult to coordinate, and the bearing capacity of the city is limited. The college entrance examination in different places is not a simple education problem, but also involves the reform of household registration system, the allocation of educational resources, the adjustment of college entrance examination system and so on. It is a systematic project to solve the problem of college entrance examination in different places. It is necessary for the state to do a good job in top-level design from the value of educational equity, and to steadily promote the reform from three levels: micro-level, medium-view level and macro-level. At the micro-level, at present, the most urgent task is to promote the liberalization of the policy of college entrance examination in large cities, which requires the central and local governments to work together to formulate the policy of college entrance examination in different places, and to scientifically set the entrance threshold of the college entrance examination in different It is necessary to establish a national electronic status management system; At the middle level, it is imperative to reform the current unreasonable college entrance examination system, including the need for scientific allocation of enrollment indicators, the re-establishment of a new type of examination mode and so on. At the macro level, without the fairness and justice of the social environment, it would be difficult to ensure a thorough solution to the problem of college entrance examination in other places, allocate educational resources in a balanced manner and reform the household registration system. The perfection of higher education legislation can effectively provide strong support for the realization of educational equity. This article hopes that starting from the ideal of educational equity, this article will put forward some of its own views for the educational affirmative movement of the vast number of displaced children, and also believe that our country will eliminate its rights and opportunities with the resolute strength of "stepping stones with imprints and scratching iron marks." The lack of fairness and justice in the three fields of rule to safeguard the right equity, safeguard the opportunity equity, and show the rule fairness.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G632.474
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