咸阳市职业农民培育问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-09 04:19

本文选题：职业农民　切入点：培育　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：自2012年以来，咸阳市积极响应中央和省委号召，制定出台相关政策和法规，推动职业农民培育工作的进程。然而，一方面，咸阳市农民素质现状严重制约着职业农民培育工程的进程；另一方面，，咸阳市经济的快速发展，农村城镇化发展迅速，从事农业的人口数量急剧下降，特别是高素质的青壮年务农农民总数迅速减少，导致农业劳动者的数量减少与咸阳市现代农业的快速发展对高素质人才的需求之间的矛盾渐渐显现出来；再者，咸阳市包括我国职业农民培育实践发展历程尚短，面临着职业农民队伍总量偏小、农村职业技术教育发展滞后、现行培训不能满足农民的需求、职业农民队伍建设配套措施不完善等众多问题和难关，亟需探索并建立起一套适合咸阳市培育职业农民的模式和体系。本文在马克思关于人劳动价值论和全面发展理论及中国共产党对于农民培育的理论的思想理论指导下，紧紧围绕咸阳市职业农民的培育问题，通过座谈会、调研和问卷调查等方法，并结合相关文献资料，对传统农民、职业农民内涵进行科学界定，掌握咸阳市职业农民培育现状，剖析其存在的问题及原因，并提出相应的对策建议。本研究主要结论如下：（1）将传统农民定义为：具有农业户口，拥有一定农业土地资源，专职从事小规模的农业生产，基本能够自给自足的群体；将职业农民定义为：把从事农业生产经营作为一种职业，具备以农业为职业、土地资源、技术技能、投资能力、收入来源于农业的5个方面的农民。（2）咸阳市职业农民培育工作取得了一定的成绩，但农民综合素质包括农民的文化素质、科技素质、经营管理素质、思想道德素、质身体素质等相对偏低。农民素质现状对职业农民培育后续工作开展有着重要的影响作用。（3）咸阳市职业农民培育存在的问题如下：职业农民队伍总量偏小、农村职业技术教育发展滞后、现行培训不能满足农民的需求、职业农民队伍建设配套措施不完善等4个方面；主要是由以下5个方面的原因造成的：观念思想认识不到位、农民职业教育机构规模和数量有限、培训费用较高资金投入不足、缺乏统一规划运行机制不畅、激励反馈机制不完善理论研究环节薄弱。（4）提出更新观念、强化培训、创新机制、优化环境、借鉴国内外经验等5条对策，进一步完善咸阳市职业农民培育体系。
[Abstract]:Since 2012, Xianyang has responded positively to the call of the Central Committee and the provincial party committee to formulate relevant policies and regulations to promote the process of cultivating professional farmers.However, on the one hand, the present situation of Xianyang farmers' quality seriously restricts the process of professional farmers' cultivation project; on the other hand, with the rapid development of Xianyang's economy and the rapid development of rural urbanization, the number of people engaged in agriculture has dropped sharply.In particular, the total number of high quality young and middle-aged farmers is rapidly decreasing, resulting in the contradiction between the decrease in the number of agricultural workers and the demand for high-quality personnel for the rapid development of modern agriculture in Xianyang City; moreover,Xianyang City, including China's professional farmers training practice development process is still short, faced with a small number of professional farmers, rural vocational and technical education development lags behind, the current training can not meet the needs of farmers.There are many problems and difficulties in the construction of professional farmers' contingent, such as imperfect measures. It is urgent to explore and establish a set of models and systems suitable for the cultivation of professional farmers in Xianyang City.Under the guidance of Marx's theory of human labor value and all-round development, and the theory of the Communist Party of China on the cultivation of farmers, this paper closely revolves around the cultivation of professional farmers in Xianyang City through a forum.By means of investigation and questionnaire investigation, combining with relevant literature, this paper scientifically defines the connotation of traditional farmers and professional peasants, grasps the present situation of cultivation of professional farmers in Xianyang, analyzes its existing problems and causes, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:(1) define the traditional farmer as: a group with agricultural household registration, a certain agricultural land resources, full-time engaged in small-scale agricultural production, basically self-sufficient;The professional farmer is defined as a farmer who is engaged in agricultural production and management as a kind of occupation and has five aspects: agriculture as a profession, land resources, technical skills, investment ability and income from agriculture.2) some achievements have been made in the cultivation of professional farmers in Xianyang City, but the comprehensive qualities of farmers include the cultural quality, the scientific and technological quality, the management quality, the ideological and moral element, the physical quality and so on.The present situation of farmers' quality plays an important role in the development of professional farmers' cultivation.3) the problems existing in the cultivation of professional farmers in Xianyang are as follows: the total number of professional farmers is small, the development of vocational and technical education in rural areas lags behind, the current training cannot meet the needs of farmers, and the supporting measures for the construction of professional farmers are not perfect.It is mainly caused by the following five reasons: the concept and ideology is not in place, the scale and quantity of peasant vocational education institutions are limited, the training cost is relatively high and the fund investment is insufficient, and the operation mechanism of unified planning is not smooth.The research of incentive feedback mechanism is weak.Finally, it puts forward five countermeasures, such as renewing ideas, strengthening training, innovating mechanism, optimizing environment, drawing lessons from domestic and foreign experience, and further perfecting the cultivation system of professional farmers in Xianyang.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F323.6;G725

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