清末民国北京地区的回族新式教育

发布时间：2018-04-16 11:18

本文选题：北京回族 + 新式教育　；参考：《中央民族大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：近代以来,伴随着西方列强殖民侵略地不断加深,资本主义制度和思想文化不断涌入中国。面对着国家内忧外患的局面,中国社会的民族民主意识逐渐觉醒,中国人民开始保家卫国、救亡图存运动。这一时期的回族同胞,以振兴民族、发扬宗教为己任,全力推动回族社会的近代化进程。本文以北京地区回族为例,重点探讨清末民初北京回族新式教育改革及其与回族社会的互动关系。第一部分,介绍明清时期中国伊斯兰教育的发展历程。伊斯兰教自唐代传入中国以来,一直以家传口授的方式进行宗教知识的世袭传承。至明代中后期,这种封闭狭窄的教育方式已渐趋式微。胡登洲于嘉靖、万历年间创办了伊斯兰教经堂教育。此后数百年间,日渐完善的经堂教育模式在中国回族社会中长盛不衰,成为了伊斯兰文化传承的主要渠道。近代以来,回族社会的经堂教育体系,在西方近代学科体制的冲击下渐呈衰颓之势。北京作为当时的政治中心,在此种状况下开始了其改革之路。第二部分,陈述北京地区近代回族新式教育的基本情况。自王浩然阿訇在北京牛街创办京师清真第一两等小学堂以来,北京地区如雨后春笋般出现多所或公立、或私立的回族新式小学校。在此基础上,成达师范学校(由济南迁入)、西北公学等一批回族新式中学校的相继创设。在回族新式教育体系日趋完备的同时,以新月女子中学校的成立为标志,开启了回族教育史上女子学校之先河。第三部分,在介绍近代回族新式教育人才培养机制框架的基础上,以成达师范学校、西北公学等校为例,着重探讨回族新知识群体与回族社会之间的互动关系。回族新知识群体,以学校、社团、报刊等组织和载体为活动场所,兼顾学校教育与社会教育的双向渠道发展。并以此为基础,开展兴女学、倡抗战、作调查、促外联等诸项社会事务,推动回族社会更好地融入近代中国社会整体之中。结语部分,在全面总结前三部分主要内容的同时,进一步提出回族新式教育变革过程中的新旧代际交替的课题。
[Abstract]:Since modern times, with the deepening of colonial aggression by Western powers, capitalist system and ideology and culture have been pouring into China.Facing the situation of internal and external troubles, the national democratic consciousness of Chinese society gradually awakened, and the Chinese people began to defend their country and save the nation.In this period, the Hui compatriots, to revitalize the nation, carry forward religion as their own responsibility, to promote the modernization of the Hui society.Taking the Hui nationality in Beijing as an example, this paper focuses on the new education reform of the Hui nationality in Beijing in the late Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China and its interactive relationship with the Hui society.The first part introduces the development of Islamic education in Ming and Qing dynasties.Since the introduction of Islam into China in the Tang Dynasty, religious knowledge has been inherited by the way of family dictation.By the middle and late Ming Dynasty, this closed and narrow way of education had gradually declined.Hu Dengzhou in Jiajing, Wanli years to establish the Islamic scripture education.Over the next several hundred years, the increasingly perfect Jingtang education model has become the main channel for the transmission of Islamic culture in Chinese Hui society.Since modern times, the Confucian education system of the Hui society has gradually declined under the impact of the western modern discipline system.Beijing, as the political center of the time, began its reform under such circumstances.The second part describes the basic situation of modern Hui education in Beijing.Since imam Wang set up the first or second primary school in Beijing's Niujie, there have been a number of new Huis schools, public or private, that have sprung up in Beijing.On this basis, Chengda normal School (moved from Jinan, Northwest Public School and other new middle schools of Hui nationality) was established one after another.While the new education system of Hui nationality is becoming more and more perfect, it marks the establishment of New Moon Middle School for Girls, which opens the first female school in the history of Hui nationality education.In the third part, on the basis of introducing the framework of modern Hui education talent training mechanism, taking Chengda normal School and Northwest Public School as examples, the author focuses on the interactive relationship between Hui new knowledge groups and Hui society.The new knowledge group of Hui nationality takes the organization and carrier such as school, association, newspaper and newspaper as the activity place, and gives consideration to the two-way channel development of school education and social education.On this basis, we should carry out social affairs, such as promoting women's studies, advocating anti-Japanese war, making investigation, promoting outreach and so on, so as to promote the integration of Hui society into the whole society of modern China.In the conclusion part, the main contents of the first three parts are summarized in an all-round way, and the new and old intergenerational alternation in the process of the new education reform of the Hui nationality is further put forward.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D691.72;G75

【参考文献】