低生育率时代中日两国父母育儿压力与社会支持的比较分析
发布时间：2018-10-23 15:21
【摘要】：为探索在当代中国和日本政府推行支持性生育政策的背景下,两国父母面临的育儿压力与获得的社会支持,本研究采取方便取样的方法,分别在中国和日本进行了问卷调查。问卷采用配对发放形式,中国样本来自北京市石景山区某社区幼儿园的父母,日本样本来自广岛县某育儿支援中心接受育儿支援的父母。结果发现中日样本父母的育儿支持差异较大,中国样本依然以家庭育儿为主,日本样本则以社会育儿为主;中日两国样本父母均有不同程度的育儿压力,但感知到的育儿压力类型不同,中国父母更多地感知到睡眠不足、疲倦感等身体状况不良问题,日本样本父母则是陷于社会地位丧失的危机感和育儿不安的焦虑情绪中;两国父亲样本参与育儿程度有明显差异,中国父亲参与育儿的程度明显高于日本父亲,中国样本家庭主要由夫妻双方共同承担育儿责任,日本样本则以母亲承担育儿责任为主。在当前中国老龄化社会背景及二胎政策实施同时职场压力不变的条件下,社会育儿支持对缓解中国父母育儿压力、增加其生育意愿显得尤为重要,中国政府应在尊重家庭价值的同时,全面建设可获得的社会支持网络;在父亲参与育儿方面,日本父亲则需要进一步平衡工作与家庭的关系,更多参与育儿,增加对日本母亲育儿行为的支持。
[Abstract]:In order to explore the parental pressure and social support faced by parents in contemporary China and Japan, a questionnaire survey was conducted in China and Japan. The questionnaire was pairwise distributed from parents of a community kindergarten in Shijingshan District of Beijing and Japanese samples from parents who received parental support at a child-care support center in Hiroshima Prefecture. The results showed that there were significant differences in parental support between Chinese and Japanese sample parents. The Chinese sample was still dominated by family parenting, while the Japanese sample was mainly social parental support, and both Chinese and Japanese sample parents had different degrees of parental pressure. However, the types of parental stress perceived are different. Chinese parents are more aware of poor health problems, such as lack of sleep and fatigue, while Japanese sample parents are trapped in a sense of crisis of social status loss and anxiety of parenting unease. There were significant differences in the degree of parental participation between the two countries, and the degree of parental involvement of Chinese fathers was significantly higher than that of Japanese fathers. The Chinese sample families were mainly shared by husband and wife, while the Japanese samples were mainly taken by mothers. Under the current aging social background and the implementation of the two-child policy and the constant pressure in the workplace, social parenting support is particularly important to alleviate the pressure on Chinese parents to raise children and increase their willingness to bear children. While respecting the values of the family, the Chinese government should build a comprehensive network of available social support; in the case of fathers' participation in childcare, Japanese fathers need to further balance the relationship between work and the family and increase their participation in childcare. Increase support for parenting behavior of Japanese mothers.
【作者单位】： 北京师范大学教育学部;日本广岛大学;北京航空航天大学幼儿园;安徽师范大学教育科学学院;
【基金】：中日韩合作研究项目“关于育儿社会协力的日中韩调查比较研究”(项目主持人日本广岛大学七木田敦教授) 全国教育科学规划国家重点课题“学前教育中长期发展目标与推进策略研究”
【分类号】：G78
[Abstract]:In order to explore the parental pressure and social support faced by parents in contemporary China and Japan, a questionnaire survey was conducted in China and Japan. The questionnaire was pairwise distributed from parents of a community kindergarten in Shijingshan District of Beijing and Japanese samples from parents who received parental support at a child-care support center in Hiroshima Prefecture. The results showed that there were significant differences in parental support between Chinese and Japanese sample parents. The Chinese sample was still dominated by family parenting, while the Japanese sample was mainly social parental support, and both Chinese and Japanese sample parents had different degrees of parental pressure. However, the types of parental stress perceived are different. Chinese parents are more aware of poor health problems, such as lack of sleep and fatigue, while Japanese sample parents are trapped in a sense of crisis of social status loss and anxiety of parenting unease. There were significant differences in the degree of parental participation between the two countries, and the degree of parental involvement of Chinese fathers was significantly higher than that of Japanese fathers. The Chinese sample families were mainly shared by husband and wife, while the Japanese samples were mainly taken by mothers. Under the current aging social background and the implementation of the two-child policy and the constant pressure in the workplace, social parenting support is particularly important to alleviate the pressure on Chinese parents to raise children and increase their willingness to bear children. While respecting the values of the family, the Chinese government should build a comprehensive network of available social support; in the case of fathers' participation in childcare, Japanese fathers need to further balance the relationship between work and the family and increase their participation in childcare. Increase support for parenting behavior of Japanese mothers.
【作者单位】： 北京师范大学教育学部;日本广岛大学;北京航空航天大学幼儿园;安徽师范大学教育科学学院;
【基金】：中日韩合作研究项目“关于育儿社会协力的日中韩调查比较研究”(项目主持人日本广岛大学七木田敦教授) 全国教育科学规划国家重点课题“学前教育中长期发展目标与推进策略研究”
【分类号】：G78
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