新型城镇化进程中新型职业农民培育问题研究

发布时间：2018-12-19 20:23

【摘要】：党的十八大提出中国要走新型城镇化发展道路,新型城镇化要与农业现代化同步发展。随着新型城镇化进程的加速,我国农业劳动力锐减严重,现有的农业劳动力无法满足农业现代化发展的需求。农业产业安全是确保新型城镇化的基础,为确保我国农业产业安全,推进农业现代化与新型城镇化协同发展,2012年中央一号文件给出了破题对策——大力培育新型职业农民,新型职业农民培育是推进农业现代化的基础工程,是新型城镇化进程中的历史必然选择。本文运用劳动力迁移理论,毛泽东、邓小平的农民教育理论,人力资本理论以及人的现代化理论,从理论上界定了新型职业农民的相关概念,通过实证分析武汉市江夏区新型职业农民培育的做法,如明确培育政策导向,明晰培育对象遴选标准,科学规划培育内容,灵活变通培育方式,认真落实培育考核管理等,得出我国新型职业农民培育在取得一定成效的同时,在培育过程中依然存在着一些问题,如依然存在着务农人员综合素质不高,新型职业农民培育中存在培育规模较小,效果不佳、培育组织主体单一、培育内容不全面、培育方式滞后、培育供给不足、培育监督管理不到位、培育扶持政策缺乏等。分析了美国、日本、德国以及印度四国职业农民培育的实践及经验,总结其成功之处,以期为构建我国新型职业农民培育体系提供启示。立足于国内新型职业农民实践研究和国外职业农民培育经验借鉴的基础上,本文提出了坚持因地制宜、统筹发展、农民自愿、全面培育的原则下,根据新型职业农民培育目标,完善新型职业农民教学体系和管理体系,政府要加强与社会多方主体力量协作,农民要具有主体意识和现代化观念,积极推动新型职业农民工作开展。总体上来讲,要从培育目标、培育内容、培育方式等方面出发,优化完善新型职业农民培育体系,与此同时,强化政府的顶层设计,健全新型职业农民培育保障制度,通过拓宽培育经费来源,引导社会多元主体参与、完善法律保障体系,健全土地流转制度,构建城乡一体化社会保障制度,贯彻落实培育扶持政策等方面优化新型职业农民培育环境,形成“培”与“育”相结合的新型职业农民培育有效机制。
[Abstract]:The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed that China should take the new way of urbanization, and the new type of urbanization should develop synchronously with the modernization of agriculture. With the acceleration of the new urbanization process, the agricultural labor force in China has been reduced sharply, and the existing agricultural labor force can not meet the needs of the development of agricultural modernization. The safety of agricultural industry is the basis of ensuring the new type of urbanization. In order to ensure the safety of agricultural industry in our country and to promote the coordinated development of agricultural modernization and new urbanization, the first document of the Central Committee in 2012 gave the countermeasures to solve the problem-to cultivate the new type of professional farmers vigorously. The cultivation of new professional farmers is the basic project to promote agricultural modernization and the historical inevitable choice in the process of new urbanization. This paper uses labor migration theory, Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping's theory of farmer education, human capital theory and human modernization theory to define the related concepts of the new type of professional peasants theoretically. Through the empirical analysis of the cultivation of new type of professional farmers in Jiangxia District, Wuhan City, such as clear cultivation policy orientation, clear selection criteria of cultivation objects, scientific planning of cultivation content, flexible and flexible cultivation methods, and conscientiously implement cultivation examination and management, etc. At the same time, there are still some problems in the cultivation process, such as the low comprehensive quality of agricultural personnel, the small scale of cultivation in the cultivation of new-type professional peasants. The effect is not good, the main body of cultivation organization is single, the content of cultivation is not comprehensive, the way of cultivation lags behind, the supply of cultivation is insufficient, the supervision and management of cultivation is not in place, and the policy of fostering support is lacking. This paper analyzes the practice and experience of professional farmer cultivation in America, Japan, Germany and India, and summarizes its success in order to provide enlightenment for the construction of a new type of professional farmer cultivation system in China. Based on the practical research of the new type of professional farmers in China and the experience of foreign countries, this paper puts forward the principle of adhering to local conditions, overall development, voluntary and all-round cultivation of farmers, according to the cultivation objectives of new type of professional peasants. To perfect the teaching system and management system of the new type of professional peasants, the government should strengthen the cooperation with the various forces of society, the peasants should have the consciousness of subject and the concept of modernization, and actively promote the work of the new type of professional peasants. Generally speaking, it is necessary to optimize and improve the new type of professional farmers' cultivation system from the aspects of cultivation objectives, contents and ways of cultivation. At the same time, we should strengthen the top-level design of the government and improve the new type of professional farmers' cultivation and security system. By broadening the sources of funds for cultivation, guiding the participation of multiple social subjects, perfecting the legal security system, perfecting the land circulation system, and constructing the social security system of urban and rural integration, In the aspects of carrying out the policy of cultivating and supporting, optimizing the cultivation environment of the new type of professional peasants, forming the effective mechanism of cultivating the new type of professional peasants by combining "training" and "cultivating".
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G725

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