赋权女性:晚清民国女子教科书的启蒙诉求

发布时间：2019-04-27 13:16

【摘要】：1904—1915年是晚清民国时期女子教科书编撰(译)的高峰期,但数量与种类不多,科目不齐。女子小学教科书集中在晚清民初编纂,以修身、国文、尺牍、家事、算术为主,女子中学教科书集中在民初编译,以算术、代数、几何、化学、物理、生理、矿物、动物、植物为主。女子教科书的启蒙诉求集中表现在对女子教育享有权、自主发展权、工作参与权、身心健康权的赋权增能,超越了当时社会上一些先进知识分子关于女子及女子教育的思想。由于编撰者均为男性,女子教科书呈现的是符合男子社会文化标准的理想女性形象,关注女子在新时代的社会功能,这是一种他者赋权而不是立足于女性生命本体的自我赋权。但女子教科书能从天赋人权的角度竭力倡导女子全新人生范式的构建以及全新的"国民之母"及"女国民"身份认同,历史意义和价值十分巨大。
[Abstract]:1904-1915 was the peak of the compilation of women's textbooks in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, but there were not many kinds and subjects in the period of 1904-1915. Textbooks for girls' primary schools were mainly compiled in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, focusing on self-cultivation, national language, bamboo slips, family affairs and arithmetic. Textbooks for women's secondary schools focused on compiling at the beginning of the Republic of China, in terms of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, chemistry, physics, physiology, minerals, and animals. Plants are dominant. The enlightenment demands of women's textbooks are mainly embodied in the empowerment of the right to women's education, the right to self-development, the right to participate in work and the right to physical and mental health, surpassing some advanced intellectuals' thoughts on women's and women's education at that time. Because the authors are all male, the female textbook presents the ideal female image which accords with the social and cultural standard of the man, and pays attention to the social function of the woman in the new era, which is a kind of empowerment of the other rather than the self-empowerment based on the Noumenon of women's life. However, women's textbooks can advocate the construction of a new life paradigm and the identity of "the mother of the nation" and "female nationals" from the point of view of natural human rights, which is of great historical significance and value.
【作者单位】：宁波大学教师教育学院;北京师范大学哲学与社会学学院;
【基金】：全国教育科学“十一五”规划教育部重点课题“百年中国教科书启蒙诉求研究”(DAA100187) 浙江省哲学社会科学规划一般课题“浙江知识分子与中国近现代教科书发展研究”(编号:12JCJY14YB)
【分类号】：G776

【参考文献】