“少数民族高层次骨干人才计划”十年成效分析（2006-2016）
发布时间：2019-05-09 13:23
【摘要】：“少数民族高层次骨干人才计划”政策旨在通过专项定向培养民族地区高层次人才,为民族地区的经济、文化、政治等的建设发展提供智力支撑,彰显了教育公平与民族平等的政治理念,是攸关我国各民族共同繁荣发展、维护国家和谐统一的民族教育政策。2016年是“少民骨干计划”实施的第十个年头,调研并总结十年来“少民骨干计划”所取得的成效及存在的不足,对国家进一步推进、调整和完善少数民族高层次骨干人才培养政策尤为必要。论文通过对调查问卷、访谈、招生数量与结构、就业数据等各方面材料的整理分析,将“少数民族高层次骨干人才计划”实施十年来的成效归纳为:第一,政策实施十年来增加了少数民族学生接受高层次教育的机会,提升了少数民族地区的人才层次,改善了民族地区的人才结构,极大地丰富了民族地区的人力资本,改善了民族地区的人才现状;第二,政策的实施推动了民族地区经济的发展,促进了民族文化的传承,繁荣了民族地区的教育事业;第三,该政策的实施有利于国家教育区域发展的均衡,促进了各民族间的交流、交往和交融,有利于实现教育公平,有助于社会和谐,维护了国家统一。“少民骨干计划”实施十年来积累了丰富的实践经验,更涌现出许多先进事迹,论文精选了政策执行中的各参与(教育行政部门、基础强化培训学校、少数民族骨干学生)典型经验和优秀事迹以更直观的看到这项政策实施十年来的卓越成效。一项政策实施的有效性来自于政策执行者的创新能力和执行力,同时政策在实施过程中也会受到目标群体的对抗和外部环境的影响。调研发现“少民骨干计划”政策的实施过程中亦涌现出诸多问题:计划指标投放不合理;政策宣传的解读和引导不足;培养质量仍需提升;就业领域过分集中;就业管理与服务仍需改善等。论文借由理性选择制度主义分析框架,对“少民骨干计划”整个政策实施过程的各个参与方进行行动逻辑分析,进而提出了五项提升政策实效的改进措施:一、结合重大发展战略强化政策导向;二、通过部门协调衔接实现结构调整;三、推进制度建设提高培养质量;四、延伸指导与服务发挥人才作用;五、建立政策实施信息交流平台,实现各参与方互动与监督。
[Abstract]:The policy of "High-level backbone talents Plan for ethnic minorities" aims to train high-level talents in ethnic minority areas through special orientation, and to provide intellectual support for the construction and development of economy, culture, politics and so on in ethnic minority areas. It highlights the political concept of educational fairness and national equality, and is a policy of ethnic education that has a bearing on the common prosperity and development of all ethnic groups in our country and maintains the harmony and unity of the country. 2016 is the tenth year of the implementation of the "backbone Plan for fewer people." It is particularly necessary for the state to further promote and perfect the policy of training high-level backbone talents of ethnic minorities by investigating and summing up the achievements and shortcomings of the "backbone Plan for less people" in the past ten years. Through the collation and analysis of questionnaires, interviews, the number and structure of enrollment, employment data and other materials, this paper sums up the achievements of the "High-level backbone talents Plan for ethnic minorities" in the past ten years as follows: first, In the past ten years, the implementation of the policy has increased the opportunities for ethnic minority students to receive high-level education, upgraded the level of talents in ethnic minority areas, improved the talent structure in ethnic minority areas, and greatly enriched the human capital in ethnic minority areas. The present situation of talents in ethnic minority areas has been improved. Second, the implementation of the policy has promoted the economic development of ethnic areas, promoted the inheritance of national culture, and flourished the educational undertakings in ethnic minority areas. Third, the implementation of the policy is conducive to the balance of the regional development of national education, promotes exchanges, exchanges and blending among all ethnic groups, is conducive to the realization of educational equity, contributes to social harmony, and maintains national unity. In the past ten years since the implementation of the "backbone Plan for less people", a wealth of practical experience has accumulated and many advanced deeds have emerged. the paper selects the various participants in the implementation of the policy (education administration department, basic intensive training schools). The typical experience and excellent deeds of minority backbone students show more intuitively the remarkable results of this policy in the past ten years. The effectiveness of a policy implementation comes from the innovation ability and execution ability of the policy executor, and the policy will also be affected by the confrontation of the target group and the external environment in the process of implementation. It is found that there are many problems in the implementation of the policy of "backbone Plan for less people": unreasonable investment of plan indicators, insufficient interpretation and guidance of policy publicity, improvement of training quality, excessive concentration in the field of employment, and lack of interpretation and guidance of policy publicity. Employment management and services still need to be improved. Based on the institutional analysis framework of rational choice, this paper makes a logical analysis of the actions of the participants in the whole policy implementation process of the "backbone Plan for less people", and then puts forward five measures to improve the effectiveness of the policy: first, Strengthen policy orientation in combination with major development strategies; Second, to achieve structural adjustment through the coordination and convergence of departments; third, to promote the construction of the system to improve the quality of training; fourth, to extend guidance and service to play the role of talents; fifth, to establish an information exchange platform for policy implementation to achieve interaction and supervision among the participants.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G759.2
[Abstract]:The policy of "High-level backbone talents Plan for ethnic minorities" aims to train high-level talents in ethnic minority areas through special orientation, and to provide intellectual support for the construction and development of economy, culture, politics and so on in ethnic minority areas. It highlights the political concept of educational fairness and national equality, and is a policy of ethnic education that has a bearing on the common prosperity and development of all ethnic groups in our country and maintains the harmony and unity of the country. 2016 is the tenth year of the implementation of the "backbone Plan for fewer people." It is particularly necessary for the state to further promote and perfect the policy of training high-level backbone talents of ethnic minorities by investigating and summing up the achievements and shortcomings of the "backbone Plan for less people" in the past ten years. Through the collation and analysis of questionnaires, interviews, the number and structure of enrollment, employment data and other materials, this paper sums up the achievements of the "High-level backbone talents Plan for ethnic minorities" in the past ten years as follows: first, In the past ten years, the implementation of the policy has increased the opportunities for ethnic minority students to receive high-level education, upgraded the level of talents in ethnic minority areas, improved the talent structure in ethnic minority areas, and greatly enriched the human capital in ethnic minority areas. The present situation of talents in ethnic minority areas has been improved. Second, the implementation of the policy has promoted the economic development of ethnic areas, promoted the inheritance of national culture, and flourished the educational undertakings in ethnic minority areas. Third, the implementation of the policy is conducive to the balance of the regional development of national education, promotes exchanges, exchanges and blending among all ethnic groups, is conducive to the realization of educational equity, contributes to social harmony, and maintains national unity. In the past ten years since the implementation of the "backbone Plan for less people", a wealth of practical experience has accumulated and many advanced deeds have emerged. the paper selects the various participants in the implementation of the policy (education administration department, basic intensive training schools). The typical experience and excellent deeds of minority backbone students show more intuitively the remarkable results of this policy in the past ten years. The effectiveness of a policy implementation comes from the innovation ability and execution ability of the policy executor, and the policy will also be affected by the confrontation of the target group and the external environment in the process of implementation. It is found that there are many problems in the implementation of the policy of "backbone Plan for less people": unreasonable investment of plan indicators, insufficient interpretation and guidance of policy publicity, improvement of training quality, excessive concentration in the field of employment, and lack of interpretation and guidance of policy publicity. Employment management and services still need to be improved. Based on the institutional analysis framework of rational choice, this paper makes a logical analysis of the actions of the participants in the whole policy implementation process of the "backbone Plan for less people", and then puts forward five measures to improve the effectiveness of the policy: first, Strengthen policy orientation in combination with major development strategies; Second, to achieve structural adjustment through the coordination and convergence of departments; third, to promote the construction of the system to improve the quality of training; fourth, to extend guidance and service to play the role of talents; fifth, to establish an information exchange platform for policy implementation to achieve interaction and supervision among the participants.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G759.2
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