20世纪初德国在华传教士赫德明《汉语语法》研究

发布时间：2019-05-21 20:33

【摘要】： 本论文使用对比分析的方法分析了《对德汉语语法及常用词汇附录》这本针对德国人汉语语言学习的教科书,该书由德国圣言会来华传教士赫德明撰写并于1905年在中国山东省出版发行。迄今为止还没有人以科学的方法,对赫德明及其汉语著作做过分析。笔者在此做创新研究:尝试突出与强调赫德明对当时以及现今的对外汉语教学所作的贡献。第一章绪论是对本论文的一个基本概要,以便读者可以清楚地了解作者的基本态度和论文的基本内容。第二章是对本论文选题的说明。赫德明的对德汉语教学具有开创性意义,他的教学方法也具有针对性和实用性。而目前对赫德明其人其书的研究,基本上还没有看到。第三章是历史背景分析,此处同样有资料引入与背景补充的特点。笔者首先介绍赫德明的生活,接着又对其所属的圣言会做了简短的介绍。之后,笔者阐述了晚清时期西方传教士面临的历史、文化和政治背景。最后,简要介绍了德国人在山东的历史概况。笔者所介绍的赫德明是晚清时期西方在华传教士,笔者意在尽可能地使读者对赫德明本人及其作品有更多、更深入的了解。第四章和第五章是本论文的中心。笔者在第四章中首先采用了对比研究的方法,重点对词汇和语法做分析。本章以现代汉语研究的角度,对比当时的研究状况,指出赫德明语法的优势,同时也指出其弱势。本章指出,赫德明的《汉语语法》在词汇领域还没有像如今的词汇研究那样区分出重要的类别。但我们已经可以按照现代研究中的词汇归类,从他的书中找出这些词。笔者也在此做了举例阐述。此后,笔者尝试研究赫德明的语法部分,其成果说明,现代汉语研究所得出的基本和重要的语法规则及其系统性的划分已出现在赫德明的书中。赫德明的语法教科书并非源于书面式的古汉语,而是来自与当今的普通话非常接近的官话。笔者在此表明,这也是赫德明语法教科书实用性与现代性的一个标志。第五章指出赫德明对对外汉语教学的贡献。作者首先归纳总结出赫德明在教育领域所做的贡献,之后分析赫德明的教育方法。此章表明赫德明是一位伟大的教育学方法实践者,对他来说实用性正是教育的中心。之后,笔者非常详细地分析了赫德明使用的声调、拼音方案以及方言。这些分析指出赫德明语法书的不足之处。赫德明并没有在语法书中标注声调并且低估了其在汉语中的重要性。在另一部分中,作者借助比较分析的方法对比了赫德明《汉语语法》第一版和第二版的区别。笔者以赫德明的作品与其他两位同时期的传教士戴遂良神父(P.LeonWieger)和狄考文牧师(Calvin Wilson Mateer)以及一位19世纪德国汉学家甲柏连孜(Georg von der Gabelentz)的作品作比较。在此突出赫德明的语法书是独立之作,他的作品比其他作者的作品更适合于汉语初学者的学习。除此之外,笔者还用了赫德明另外一部作品《汉语成语、俗语和俚语》来研究赫德明的语法并得出结论:确切来说此作可以当做是其《汉语语法》一书的延续,可以比作“中高级教科书”。笔者在最后的一部分中指出赫德明使用的宗教语言的含义。在最后一章中,笔者总结了赫德明的一生,并断定赫德明对对外汉语教学有持续性的影响与意义,这个意义主要体现在其优秀的教育学方法与其实用性上。
[Abstract]:This paper uses the method of comparative analysis to analyze the English-Chinese grammar and the commonly used vocabulary, which is a textbook for German-Chinese language learning. The book is written by the German Saint-Yan Hui-ming in China and published in 1905 in Shandong, China. So far, there has been no scientific way to make an analysis of Mr. Huron and his Chinese works. In this paper, the author tries to highlight and emphasize the contribution of Mr. Hurd to the current teaching of TCSL. The first chapter is a basic summary of the thesis so that the reader can clearly understand the author's basic attitude and the basis of the paper The second chapter is for the purpose of the present disclosure. The description of the subject of the thesis is that Hurd Ming's teaching of German and Chinese is of pioneering significance, and his teaching method also has the same The aim and practicability of the book, and the current study of Mr. Hurd's book, the base I haven't seen it yet. The third chapter is the historical background analysis, here is also the capital In this paper, the author first introduces the life of Huiming, and then it belongs to the background. After a brief introduction, the author set forth the western missionaries in the late Qing Dynasty. The historical, cultural and political context. The history of the Germans in Shandong is the historical situation of the Germans in Shandong. The author introduces the West in the late Qing Dynasty in the West in China, and the author intends to make the readers to Mr. Huron himself as much as possible. There are more and more in-depth knowledge. The fourth chapter and the fifth chapter are the center of this paper. In the fourth chapter, the author first adopted the comparative study This chapter focuses on the analysis of vocabulary and grammar. This chapter, based on the research of modern Chinese, compared the research situation at that time, and pointed out that Hurd This chapter points out that Mr. Hurd's " and can be compared to "trunk>" middle-cl. The author is in the end In the last chapter, the author sums up Mr. Hurd's life, and concludes that Mr. Hurd's influence on the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language is of great significance.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：H146

【共引文献】