民国时期第一届自费留学考试研究

发布时间：2018-03-04 12:43

本文选题：自费留学　切入点：政府管理　出处：《江苏师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：1943年11月,第一届自费留学考试遵循留学计划,根据战后建设的需要,按照国民政府制定的留学法令规章,进行留学考试,决定出国人数。从晚清到1927—1942年国民政府时期,自费留学的规模不断发展,政府对自费出国留学的管理也逐渐重视,逐步改变了对自费出国留学自由放任的态度。特别是从1943年开始,国内抗战和国际反法西斯战争形势好转,南京政府考虑到胜利后国家建设的人才需要,不仅放松了抗战初期对出国留学的控制,而且创造性地组织实施了第一届自费留学考试,以提高自费留学生的出国水平,高质量地培养抗战胜利后国家建设急需之人才。晚清、北洋政府、1927—1942年国民政府时期三个不同阶段自费留学的情况和政府对自费出国留学管理的发展,及各时期对自费留学管理的不足,为第一届自费留学考试的实施奠定了基础,提供了可能。国民政府教育部颁布了详尽的《国外留学自费生派遣办法》和《教育部第一届国外自费留学生考试章程》指导第一届自费留学考试,从考试的主持者留学生考选委员会、考试报名、审查情况、考试类型和试题及试题特点,再到考试的录取成绩计算、录取结果及分析等方面组织了严密的考试程序,充分展示了国民政府对第一届自费留学考试的管理和重视程度。第一届自费留学考试的实施,是国民政府对自费出国留学管理的创造,同时也是自费留学史上的首创。他的实施反映了政府开始全面管理自费留学,标志着政府对自费出国留学的管理走向正规化,促进了社会风气的转变。同时第一届自费留学考试留学资格的提高和本届笔试、口语考试的实施,又提高了自费留学生的综合素质和学习能力,为中国培养了一大批优秀建设人才。但是,第一届自费留学考试在实施过程中不可避免地出现了一些问题,与第二届自费留学考试相比较,也存在一定的局限性。
[Abstract]:In November 1943, the first self-funded study abroad examination followed the plan of studying abroad. According to the needs of the post-war construction and in accordance with the laws and regulations on studying abroad formulated by the National Government, the number of students studying abroad was determined. From the late Qing Dynasty to the period of 1927-1942, The scale of self-funded study abroad continues to develop, and the government gradually attaches importance to the management of studying abroad at its own expense, gradually changing its attitude of laissez-faire to study abroad at its own expense. In particular, since 1943, the situation in the domestic and international anti-fascist wars has improved. Taking into account the need for talents in national construction after the victory, the Nanjing government not only relaxed its control on studying abroad at the beginning of the War of Resistance against Japan, but also creatively organized and implemented the first self-funded study abroad examination in order to raise the level of self-funded overseas students. In the late Qing Dynasty, the Beiyang Government studied abroad at its own expense at three different stages in the period of the National Government from 1927 to 1942, and the development of the government's management of studying abroad at its own expense. And the deficiencies in the management of self-funded study abroad in various periods, which laid the foundation for the implementation of the first self-funded study abroad examination. The Ministry of Education of the National Government promulgated the detailed methods for sending overseas students to study abroad at their own expense and the regulations of the Ministry of Education for the first examination of Foreign students studying abroad at their own expense to guide the first examination of studying abroad at their own expense. From the examination committee of the host of the examination, the examination registration, the examination situation, the type of examination, the test questions and the characteristics of the test questions, to the calculation of the examination results, the results of admission and the analysis of the examination, a rigorous examination procedure has been organized. It fully demonstrates the management and importance of the first self-funded study abroad examination by the National Government. The implementation of the first self-funded study abroad examination is the creation of the national government's management of studying abroad at its own expense. At the same time, it is also the first in the history of self-funded study abroad. His implementation reflects the government's overall management of self-funded study abroad, which marks the regularization of the government's management of studying abroad at its own expense. It has promoted the transformation of social ethos. At the same time, it has improved the qualification of studying abroad for the first self-funded study abroad examination and the implementation of the written examination and the oral test, and has also improved the comprehensive quality and learning ability of the self-funded international students. A large number of excellent construction talents have been trained for China. However, some problems have inevitably appeared in the implementation of the first self-funded study abroad examination, which has some limitations compared with the second self-funded study abroad examination.
【学位授予单位】：江苏师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G648.9;K26

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