美国公立高校积极差别待遇录取政策反思

发布时间：2018-04-14 11:27

本文选题：美国公立高校 + 高校录取政策　；参考：《教育研究》2017年09期

【摘要】：美国联邦最高法院在最新判决中继续维持积极差别待遇录取政策的合法地位,引出少数族裔优势群体学生从中不当受益的"奶油层"争议。仅有少数族裔之名,但无弱势状况之实,是"奶油层"的主要特征。联邦对少数族裔的正式分类不能充分体现成员内部差异,高校在追求多元化学生群体目标时过度关注少数族裔身份,政策效应累加使少数族裔优势群体学生更具入学竞争优势,是"奶油层"产生的主要原因。其造成政策积极效果难以全面惠及少数族裔弱势群体,不能充分实现源自多元化学生群体的教育利益,增加高校应对司法诉讼履行举证责任的难度等负面影响。面对司法审查压力,公立高校改进积极差别待遇录取政策时势必突出政策细化和定向准确,在分类选择的基础上细化受益标准,在全面评价的基础上复核受益资格,在常态监测的基础上定期进行调整。
[Abstract]:In its latest ruling, the U.S. Supreme Court continued to maintain the legal status of a positive differential admission policy, leading to a "cream layer" dispute over the improper benefit of students from ethnic minority advantage groups.Only minority names, but no weak situation, is the main feature of the cream layer.The formal classification of ethnic minorities in the Federation can not fully reflect the differences among members. Colleges and universities pay too much attention to minority identity when pursuing the goal of pluralistic student groups, and the policy effect adds up to make students with minority advantage groups more competitive in admission.Is the main cause of "cream layer".As a result, the positive effect of the policy is difficult to fully benefit the minority minority vulnerable groups, can not fully realize the educational interests derived from the pluralistic student groups, and increase the difficulty for colleges and universities to fulfill the burden of proof in judicial proceedings, and so on.In the face of the pressure of judicial review, the improvement of the admission policy of positive differential treatment in public colleges and universities is bound to highlight the refinement and orientation of the policy, refine the benefit criteria on the basis of classification and selection, and review the beneficial qualifications on the basis of comprehensive evaluation.Adjust regularly on the basis of normal monitoring.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学教育学院党总支;中国人民大学教育学院;北京教育科学研究院高等教育科学研究所;
【分类号】：G649.712

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