经济新常态与高校毕业生就业特点——基于2015年全国高校毕业生抽样调查数据的实证分析

发布时间：2018-04-29 10:22

本文选题：高校毕业生 + 就业状况　；参考：《北京大学教育评论》2016年02期

【摘要】：基于2015年全国17个省(区、市)的28所高校的抽样调查数据的实证分析发现:第一,经济新常态对学生的毕业去向影响显著。2015年呈现出"已确定单位"比例与"待就业"比例"双降"的现象,同时自主创业、灵活就业、升学、出国出境的比例都显著提升。第二,经济发展状况是就业机会和工作状况的决定因素。东部高校因地缘优势在求职中处于有利地位。在东部地区、大中城市、新兴服务业(金融和IT)、三资企业和国有企业、从事管理和技术工作的毕业生可以获得更高的收入。而这些地区、城市、行业、部门、岗位确实也是毕业生就业的主要去向。第三,人力资本对求职结果和起薪均有显著的影响。人力资本的影响突出体现在个人学历层次、学历数量和高校声誉方面。第四,家庭背景对毕业生求职结果和起薪的作用显著。来自高收入、父母有文化、社会关系广泛家庭的毕业生就业机会多,并且工作收入水平也高。
[Abstract]:Based on the sample survey data of 28 universities in 17 provinces (districts and municipalities) in China in 2015, the empirical analysis shows that: first, The new normal economy has a significant impact on the students' graduation destination. In 2015, the proportion of "determined units" and "waiting for employment" decreased, while the proportion of independent entrepreneurship, flexible employment, advanced education and going abroad increased significantly. Second, economic development is the decisive factor of employment opportunities and working conditions. Eastern colleges and universities are in a favorable position in job hunting because of their geographical advantages. In the eastern region, large and medium-sized cities, emerging services (finance and ITT), triple ventures and state-owned enterprises, graduates in managerial and technical jobs can earn higher incomes. These areas, cities, industries, departments and jobs are indeed the main destinations for graduate employment. Third, human capital has a significant impact on job search results and starting salary. The influence of human capital is reflected in the level of individual education, the number of academic qualifications and the reputation of colleges and universities. Fourth, the family background has a significant effect on the graduates'job search results and starting salary. Graduates from high-income, well-educated and well-connected families have more job opportunities and higher levels of work income.
【作者单位】：北京大学教育学院教育经济研究所/国家发展研究院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(71473007)
【分类号】：G647.38

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