大学生创业动力影响因素的研究
发布时间：2019-04-04 13:23
【摘要】：进入21世纪以来,我国经济取得了举世瞩目的成就,越来越多的高校也开始扩大招生规模,这促使我国大学毕业生人数年年攀升,就业形势也逐渐变得严峻,大学生就业难的问题已引起了社会的普遍关注。在此形势下,各级政府和地方高校纷纷提出要促进大学生创业,以创业带动就业。但是现实情况是我国大学生创业率很低,是什么原因使一些大学生选择了创业而另一些却没有,这是由于从创业意识到创业活动需要经历一个从“想”到“做”的复杂心理过程,对这个过程起关键作用的因素就是创业动力。因此,探究大学生创业动力的影响因素可以更好的了解大学生创业者开展创业活动的动因,从而为继续研究大学生创业提供了很好的切入点。目前在我国创业大背景下,国内专家学者对于大学生创业的研究更多的是从理论角度进行定性研究,这表明对于创业活动和创业动力间的关系研究不够深入,并且以往关于创业的研究群体并未十分重视受过高等教育的大学生。基于以上问题,本研究以创业动力影响因素的相关理论为基点,以山西省各类普通高等学校的全日制在校本科生为研究目标群体,对目前我国大学生创业动力的影响因素进行理论模型构建,并进行验证,以理论模型为依据,编制大学生创业动力影响因素调查问卷作为研究基本工具,得出数据分析结果。总结研究结论表明:(1)大学生外部创业动力对大学生创业动力的影响更大、显著性水平更高;创业能力、创业扶持政策和创业文化对大学生外部创业动力的影响程度最大;创业教育和成就动机对大学生内部创业动力的影响程度最大,这一结论进一步明确了大学生创业动力的关键影响因素以及各影响因素对大学生创业动力的影响程度;(2)大学生创业动力在性别和生源地方面不存在显著差异,在就读院校、专业类别、年级、家庭年收入方面存在显著差异,就读院校方面,211院校其他院校;专业类别方面,文科理科;年级方面,大四大一大二大三;家庭年收入方面,6-10万10-15万3-6万15万以上3万以下。根据以上研究结论,本文从五大方面提出了针对提高大学生创业动力的对策建议:完善资金扶持政策,提供创业保障;建立创业机构平台,完善创业服务;改进教学培养模式,加强创业教育;营造创业文化氛围,提供鼓励支持;增强自身综合素质,提高创业自信。本文的研究结论和对策建议均为提高大学生创业动力、促进大学生创业活动提供理论支撑和方法启示,也为继续研究大学生创业带来了新思路,对促进更多大学生实现自主创业,化解大学生不易就业的难题具有显著的现实意义。
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of the 21st century, China's economy has made remarkable achievements, and more colleges and universities have begun to expand their enrollment scale. This has made the number of college graduates in China climb year after year, and the employment situation has gradually become grim. The difficult employment of college students has aroused the general concern of the society. In this situation, all levels of government and local colleges and universities have proposed to promote college students to start a business, so as to promote employment. But the reality is that Chinese college students have a very low rate of entrepreneurship. What causes some college students to choose to start a business while others do not? This is because from entrepreneurial awareness to entrepreneurial activities need to experience a complex psychological process from "thinking" to "doing", the key factor in this process is entrepreneurial motivation. Therefore, exploring the influencing factors of college students' entrepreneurial motivation can better understand the motivation of college students' entrepreneurial activities, thus providing a good starting point for continuing research on college students' entrepreneurial activities. At present, under the background of entrepreneurship in China, the research of college students' entrepreneurship by domestic experts and scholars is more qualitative from the perspective of theory, which indicates that the research on the relationship between entrepreneurial activities and entrepreneurial motivation is not deep enough. And the previous research group on entrepreneurship did not attach great importance to the higher education of college students. Based on the above problems, this study is based on the theory of influencing factors of entrepreneurial motivation, and aims at the full-time undergraduate students of all kinds of colleges and universities in Shanxi Province as the target group. This paper constructs and validates the theoretical model of the influencing factors of college students' entrepreneurial motivation at present. Based on the theoretical model, the questionnaire on the influencing factors of college students' entrepreneurial motivation is compiled as the basic research tool, and the results of data analysis are obtained. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the external entrepreneurial motivation of college students has a greater impact on the entrepreneurial motivation of college students, and the degree of influence of entrepreneurial ability, entrepreneurial support policy and entrepreneurial culture on the external entrepreneurial motivation of college students is the greatest, and the influence of entrepreneurial ability, entrepreneurial support policy and entrepreneurial culture is the greatest. Entrepreneurship education and achievement motivation have the greatest influence on college students' internal entrepreneurial motivation. This conclusion further clarifies the key influencing factors of college students' entrepreneurial motivation and the degree of influence of each influencing factor on college students' entrepreneurial motivation. (2) there is no significant difference in gender and origin of students' entrepreneurial motivation, but there are significant differences in school, major category, grade, family income, other colleges and universities in 211 colleges and universities, while there are no significant differences in the motivation of students' entrepreneurship in terms of gender and the origin of their students. Major categories, liberal arts and science; grade, four, one, two, three; family income, 6- one hundred thousand 10- one hundred and fifty thousand 3-615 million more than 30, 000 or less. According to the above conclusions, this paper puts forward five countermeasures to improve college students' entrepreneurial motivation: perfecting fund supporting policy, providing entrepreneurial security, establishing entrepreneurial organization platform and perfecting entrepreneurial service; Improve the mode of teaching and training, strengthen entrepreneurship education, create an atmosphere of entrepreneurship culture, provide encouragement and support, enhance their comprehensive quality, improve self-confidence in entrepreneurship. The conclusions and suggestions of this paper provide theoretical support and methodological inspiration for improving college students' entrepreneurial motivation and promoting college students' entrepreneurial activities, and also bring new ideas for continuing research on college students' entrepreneurship. It is of great practical significance to promote more college students to realize independent entrepreneurship and to solve the difficult problem of difficult employment of college students.
【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G647.38
本文编号：2453859
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of the 21st century, China's economy has made remarkable achievements, and more colleges and universities have begun to expand their enrollment scale. This has made the number of college graduates in China climb year after year, and the employment situation has gradually become grim. The difficult employment of college students has aroused the general concern of the society. In this situation, all levels of government and local colleges and universities have proposed to promote college students to start a business, so as to promote employment. But the reality is that Chinese college students have a very low rate of entrepreneurship. What causes some college students to choose to start a business while others do not? This is because from entrepreneurial awareness to entrepreneurial activities need to experience a complex psychological process from "thinking" to "doing", the key factor in this process is entrepreneurial motivation. Therefore, exploring the influencing factors of college students' entrepreneurial motivation can better understand the motivation of college students' entrepreneurial activities, thus providing a good starting point for continuing research on college students' entrepreneurial activities. At present, under the background of entrepreneurship in China, the research of college students' entrepreneurship by domestic experts and scholars is more qualitative from the perspective of theory, which indicates that the research on the relationship between entrepreneurial activities and entrepreneurial motivation is not deep enough. And the previous research group on entrepreneurship did not attach great importance to the higher education of college students. Based on the above problems, this study is based on the theory of influencing factors of entrepreneurial motivation, and aims at the full-time undergraduate students of all kinds of colleges and universities in Shanxi Province as the target group. This paper constructs and validates the theoretical model of the influencing factors of college students' entrepreneurial motivation at present. Based on the theoretical model, the questionnaire on the influencing factors of college students' entrepreneurial motivation is compiled as the basic research tool, and the results of data analysis are obtained. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the external entrepreneurial motivation of college students has a greater impact on the entrepreneurial motivation of college students, and the degree of influence of entrepreneurial ability, entrepreneurial support policy and entrepreneurial culture on the external entrepreneurial motivation of college students is the greatest, and the influence of entrepreneurial ability, entrepreneurial support policy and entrepreneurial culture is the greatest. Entrepreneurship education and achievement motivation have the greatest influence on college students' internal entrepreneurial motivation. This conclusion further clarifies the key influencing factors of college students' entrepreneurial motivation and the degree of influence of each influencing factor on college students' entrepreneurial motivation. (2) there is no significant difference in gender and origin of students' entrepreneurial motivation, but there are significant differences in school, major category, grade, family income, other colleges and universities in 211 colleges and universities, while there are no significant differences in the motivation of students' entrepreneurship in terms of gender and the origin of their students. Major categories, liberal arts and science; grade, four, one, two, three; family income, 6- one hundred thousand 10- one hundred and fifty thousand 3-615 million more than 30, 000 or less. According to the above conclusions, this paper puts forward five countermeasures to improve college students' entrepreneurial motivation: perfecting fund supporting policy, providing entrepreneurial security, establishing entrepreneurial organization platform and perfecting entrepreneurial service; Improve the mode of teaching and training, strengthen entrepreneurship education, create an atmosphere of entrepreneurship culture, provide encouragement and support, enhance their comprehensive quality, improve self-confidence in entrepreneurship. The conclusions and suggestions of this paper provide theoretical support and methodological inspiration for improving college students' entrepreneurial motivation and promoting college students' entrepreneurial activities, and also bring new ideas for continuing research on college students' entrepreneurship. It is of great practical significance to promote more college students to realize independent entrepreneurship and to solve the difficult problem of difficult employment of college students.
【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G647.38
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