山西经济转型背景下大学生就业能力提升研究

发布时间：2019-07-06 19:18

【摘要】：我国经济的发展已经进入转型的攻坚期和深水区,对于传统的能源型产业带来了机遇与挑战。山西省作为煤炭资源大省,也处于转型的关键时期。为了使经济又好又快的发展,山西省贯彻落实人本思想促进转型建设。为落实人本的理念,一定要切实地适应于公众在物质生活层面的基本需求,推动人们视线全方位的发展。就我省现阶段的基本情况来看,推动个体实现发展的首要任务即在于,从各个角度出发满足就业需求。解决就业问题最现实最快捷的方式就是从人才自身这一角度入手,提高他们的就业能力。然而,当前山西省人才的发展还面临着诸多问题。一方面,面对教育大众化这一时代背景,本科高校不断扩招大学生,入学人数逐年增加导致毕业生数量也随之上涨,大量本科毕业生涌入就业市场造成就业市场竞争激烈。另一方面,经济转型要求产业结构进行调整和优化,要求人才的就业能力也要得到提升,原本的就业能力结构也需要优化。要解决大学生这一高素质的人力资源的就业难问题,核心就在于提升大学生的就业能力,优化就业能力结构。因此对于提升大学生就业能力提出对策显得十分必要。本研究运用文献搜集法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法,层次分析法,在对大量国内外相关文献梳理之后,对山西省经济转型发展和产业结构调整的现状有所了解的基础上,向山西省所处于经济转型与产业结构升级背景下的相关用人单位进行访谈,了解用人单位如何看待经济转型和产业结构升级,具体采取哪些措施来应对其所带来的变化,并对在新形势下的用人单位对大学生的就业能力有哪些要求展开访谈与调查。依据访谈结果,运用层次分析法,构建出符合山西经济转型背景的大学生就业能力体系。以所构建的能力体系为基础继而构建出大学生就业能力认知和自评,以及山西省用人单位需求和满意度调查的问卷。向山西省内老八所高校的大学生以及相关用人单位发放问卷调查。对大学生就业能力认知调查与用人单位的实际需求差异进行差异对比,同时对大学生就业能力自评和用人单位对大学生就业能力的满意度也差异对比,对差异存在的原因进行探讨和分析。并运用经济转型的就业理论、胜任力理论等相关理论针对差异产生的原因,提出相应的具体对策。为政府、本科高校、学生个人、用人单位几方对于大学生就业能力的培养与提升找到相应对策。
文内图片：

图片说明：本科高校招生与毕业生人数一览图
[Abstract]:The development of China's economy has entered the critical period of transformation and deep water area, which brings opportunities and challenges to the traditional energy-oriented industry. Shanxi Province, as a big province of coal resources, is also in a critical period of transformation. In order to make the economy develop well and quickly, Shanxi Province implements the people-oriented thought and promotes the transformation construction. In order to implement the people-oriented concept, we must effectively adapt to the basic needs of the public in the material life level, and promote the all-round development of people's line of sight. As far as the basic situation of our province is concerned, the primary task of promoting individual development is to meet the employment demand from all angles. The most realistic and quickest way to solve the employment problem is to improve their employability from the point of view of talents themselves. However, the development of talents in Shanxi Province is still facing many problems. On the one hand, in the face of the background of the popularization of education, undergraduate colleges and universities continue to expand the enrollment of college students, the number of graduates increases year by year, and a large number of undergraduate graduates pour into the job market, resulting in fierce competition in the job market. On the other hand, economic transformation requires the adjustment and optimization of industrial structure, the improvement of the employability of talents, and the optimization of the original structure of employability. In order to solve the problem of employment of college students with high quality human resources, the core lies in improving the employment ability of college students and optimizing the structure of employment ability. Therefore, it is necessary to put forward countermeasures to improve the employment ability of college students. This study uses literature collection method, questionnaire survey method, expert interview method, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), after combing a large number of relevant literature at home and abroad, on the basis of understanding the current situation of economic transformation and industrial structure adjustment in Shanxi Province, interviews with relevant employers under the background of economic transformation and industrial structure upgrading in Shanxi Province, to understand how employers view economic transformation and industrial structure upgrading. What measures should be taken to deal with the changes brought about by it, and to interview and investigate the requirements of employers for the employability of college students in the new situation. According to the results of the interview, the employment ability system of college students in accordance with the background of Shanxi's economic transformation is constructed by using analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Based on the constructed ability system, the cognition and self-evaluation of college students' employability, as well as the questionnaire of demand and satisfaction of employers in Shanxi Province are constructed. A questionnaire survey was sent out to college students and related employers in eight colleges and universities in Shanxi Province. This paper compares the cognitive investigation of college students' employability with the difference of actual demand between employers, and also compares the self-evaluation of college students' employability and the satisfaction of employers with the employability of college students, and probes into and analyzes the reasons for the differences. Based on the employment theory of economic transformation, competency theory and other related theories, this paper puts forward the corresponding concrete countermeasures according to the causes of differences. For the government, undergraduate colleges, individual students, employers to cultivate and improve the employment ability of college students to find the corresponding countermeasures.
【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G647.38

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