老子思想的教育价值探究

发布时间：2018-03-04 20:27

本文选题：老子　切入点：道德经　出处：《山东师范大学》2008年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 现代中国教育,在儒家传统思想和以科学主义、技术主义、工具理性为特征的时代精神的重压下,“集一切时代之病症于一身”,或蔽于“物”而不知“人”,或蔽于“人”而不知“天”,或蔽于“器”而不知“道”。它一方面在高度发展,制造着“不朽”的业绩;另一方面又使教育者、受教育者处在“和自然疏离”、“和社会疏离”及“和人自身疏离”的生命异化之中。现代教育忘记了其高贵的祖先,变成异化人的工具。教育的变革在于文化的变革,教育的唤醒在于文化的唤醒。儒家思想救不了自己的病,西方文化正是教育时代病的罪魁祸首。医治教育时代病症唯有一途,就是回到轴心时代,回到东方,重温老子之路。正如林语堂所说:“在现代社会中我们既不能产生一个摩西或一个孔子,我们惟有走广义的神秘主义的一途,例如老子所倡导的那种。一切听其自然,而个人融化于这大自然的秩序中”。老子思想微言大义,玄妙幽远,像“一个永不枯竭的井泉,尽是宝藏,放下汲桶,唾手可得”。老子敏锐的洞察能力,坚定的批判精神,独特的哲思方式,鲜明的自然主义旗帜,就连后现代主义也自叹不如,要从中汲取营养。老子不仅是在说古,也是在论今。“《道德经》不但是古代人的大智大慧,更是现代人类救亡图存的大智大慧”。他的思想已成为进行社会再构建的重要理论源泉。老子不仅是思想家,也是教育哲学家,老子思想充满着教育智慧。老子的“以顺应人的自然本性及个性和发展规律”为教育价值取向,以“反”为特征的教育辩证法,以体悟为主的学习“负”方法,以“有无相生”为线索的教育生活观等正是救治现代教育病症的一剂良药。本论文研究的根本目的就是要开拓教育研究视野,挖掘老子的教育思想和深藏的教育哲理,填补老子教育思想研究的空白,弥补传统儒家教育思想之不足,丰富我国的教育理论。希望通过老子思想的研究,能对当代教育出现的“科学主义”、“技术主义”、“工具主义”、“教育异化”、“道德危机”等等弊端提出独特的救治药方,为中国和世界教育的发展,找到新的源头活水。本文由《引论》、第一章《老子思想及儒道互补》、第二章《老子思想与教育》、第三章《以自然主义为宗旨的教育价值观》、第四章《以“反”为特征的教育辩证法》、第五章《以“负”为导向的教育方法论》、第六章《“有无相生”的教育生活观》和《结语》八部分构成。《引论》从教育存在的弊端和教育发展的要求出发,探讨老子思想对解决中国乃至世界教育问题的普世性和针对性价值,明确问题的提出和研究的思路及要达到的目标。第一章系统论述了老子以“道”为核心,以“自然”“无为”为特征的哲学思想体系,并以此体系为线索,指导整个老子教育思想的研究。第二章则是澄清对老子教育思想的误解,展现了老子教育思想的丰富性和可操作性。第三章至第六章重点对老子的教育思想进行系统挖掘。第三章揭示了老子教育思想的精髓——“自然主义”价值观;第四章论述了老子以“反”为特征的教育辩论法,对传统的教育观念进行了反向思考;第五章阐释了老子教育思想的“负”方法,丰富了教育研究的方法论;第六章以老子哲学的“有”“无”关系为线索,以新的研究视角探讨当下教育与生活的关系。
[Abstract]:Chinese in modern education, the traditional Confucianism and the scientism, technology, tool rationality characterized by the spirit of the times under the weight of "set in an era of all diseases", or "things" and not in the word "person", or "people" and not the word "day", or in short "" but not "Tao". On the one hand, at the height of the development, creating a "immortal" performance; on the other hand, the educators, the educated in the "natural" alienation ", and social alienation" and "human self alienation and the alienation of modern life". Forget its education noble ancestors into the alienation of people's tools.
Education reform is the change of culture, education awareness lies in the cultural awareness of Confucianism. To save their disease, western culture is arch-criminal education in the age of disease. There is only one way for education in the age of illness, is back in the axial age, returned to the east to Lao Tzu road. As Lin Yutang said: "in modern society we can't have a Mose or a Confucius, we only take the mysticism of the broad sense. For example, Lao Tzu advocated that all melt in the personal leave the matter as it is, the natural order".
Lao Tzu thought abstruse distant, sublime words with deep meaning, like "an inexhaustible well, full of treasure, put down the bucket, with extreme ease. Lao Tzu keen insight, strong critical spirit, unique philosophy, distinct naturalism banner, even postmodernism is strange enough, to absorb nutrition from Lao Tzu. Not only in the old, but also in theory today." "moral Sutra" is not only the ancient people's wisdom, but also the modern human salvation and wisdom ". His thought has become an important theoretical source of rebuilding society. Not only is also Lao Tzu thinkers, philosophers of education, ideological education Lao Tzu full of wisdom. Lao Tzu." in order to conform to the human nature and personality and development rule "as the value orientation of education, which is characteristic of" opposition "the dialectics of education, to understand the main learning methods to" negative "," non existence " The clue of education and life is a good medicine for the treatment of modern education.
The fundamental purpose of this thesis is to explore the field of educational research, mining Lao Tzu education thought and deep education philosophy, to fill gaps in research Lao Tzu education thought, make up for the deficiency of traditional Confucian education ideas, enrich the educational theory of our country. I hope that through research Lao Tzu thought, to contemporary education of "Scientism", "technology", "Instrumentalism", "alienation of education", "moral crisis" and so on shortcomings of proposed treatment prescription unique, for the development of Chinese and world education, find new springhead.
This paper consists of an introduction to the first chapter of < >, < > Lao Tzu thought and complementation of Confucianism and Taoism, the second chapter "Lao Tzu ideology and education", the third chapter "educational value to naturalism for the purpose of the fourth chapter to view >, <" anti "is the characteristic of the dialectics of education", the fifth chapter "to" negative "education oriented approach the sixth chapter >, <" without phase of the education of outlook on life > > and < the conclusion of eight parts.
< > introduction from the drawbacks existing in the education and development of education requirements, to explore the idea of universal solution Lao Tzu China and the world education problems and targeted value, clear the problem and research ideas and to achieve the goal. The first chapter discusses Lao Tzu "Tao" as the core, with "natural" "Wuwei" is the characteristic of philosophy, and to guide the whole system as a clue, research Lao Tzu education thought. The second chapter is to clarify the Lao Tzu education misunderstanding, show the Lao Tzu education thought rich and maneuverability. The third chapter to the sixth chapter focuses on the educational thought of Lao Tzu mining system. The third chapter reveals the essence of Lao Tzu Education Thought -- "naturalism" values; the fourth chapter discusses Lao Tzu education dialectics which is characteristic of "opposition", to the traditional education concept of reverse thinking The fifth chapter explains Laozi's "negative" method of educational thought, enriches the methodology of educational research. The sixth chapter takes Lao Zi's philosophy of "having" and "no" as a clue, and explores the relationship between education and life from the perspective of new research.

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：G40-092

【引证文献】