近代上海同乡组织与移民教育研究（1843-1949）

发布时间：2018-08-25 18:17

【摘要】： 近代上海是公认的移民城市。与传统农业社会的移民不同,近代上海的移民有其独具特色之处。近代上海的移民是上海在外力的入侵下,由传统中国商埠向现代化大都市转变的背景下迁沪谋生的。与传统农业社会中的移民迁移后在社会生产生活方式、心理精神层面都不会有质的转变的情形不同,在近代上海工业化、城市化的进程中,现代化大机器的生产方式和先进的城市文明都要求这些来自农村的农民及其后代接受教育,提高素质,以实现从传统农民向现代市民的转变。同乡组织是移居异地的同乡籍人士,以乡土地缘为纽带,在异地自发设立的一种民间社会组织,它以会馆(公所)和同乡会命名,在移民社会中发挥着自我组织、自我管理的功能。近代上海是同乡组织最多最强大的城市。在上海社会向近代变迁的历史进程中,同乡组织的结构和功能也逐渐向现代转变,开展移民教育成为他们的重要事业。本研究正是从近代上海城市化进程中的移民这一特殊群体的教育问题入手,选取了移民们自发设立的民间组织——同乡组织所开展的移民教育活动,希冀从民间的视角入手,展现近代以来同乡组织这种中国传统的民间社会组织兴办上海移民教育的历史,总结其办学特色,发掘其在移民教育中发挥的作用,以期以此为窗口来观照近代上海的移民教育,透视近代上海城市化进程中移民教育的特色。基此目的,本研究共分为六章: 第一章主要对相关概念、论文的选题意义、该选题的研究进展情况、论文的贡献与不足等进行必要的说明和梳理。第二章重点介绍了近代上海同乡组织的发展历程、会员制度、组织建构、经济制度的具体情况。第三章从近代上海移民的特点和教育诉求;城市现代化发展对移民接受教育提出的要求;同乡组织的发展状况等角度将近代上海同乡组织办学历程分为四个历史发展阶段,并对各个发展阶段同乡组织兴学施教的情况作了详细的描述。第一阶段为同乡组织办学发轫时期(1898年—1911年);第二阶段为发展繁荣期(1911年—1937年);第三阶段为艰难维持期(1937年—1945年);第四阶段为重整旗鼓期(1945年—1949年)。第四章以宁波旅沪同乡会和广肇公所的兴学活动为主要典型,从横向切入对近代上海同乡组织兴办移民子弟教育的实践活动进行深入分析。主要从经费制度、行政管理制度、教学制度、教育奖贷学金制度等四个方面来全面再现同乡组织兴学育才的教育实践活动及其鲜明的个性特色。第五章主要从社会发展变迁的角度,阐述了会馆(公所)时期和同乡会时期,同乡组织在成人移民教育中所发挥的教育教化作用。重点介绍了民国时代,同乡会为了提高成人移民的素质,帮助他们快速适应城市生活,实现农民向市民的转变过程而兴办的形式多样,丰富多彩的社会教育活动及其特点。第六章在前面各章分析的基础上提出了近代上海同乡组织兴办移民教育的反思与启示。近代上海同乡组织了解移民大众的教育需求,创办贴近移民需要的教育形式,受到政府承认与移民拥护,成为移民教育的一支重要力量。同乡组织的乡土地域性,使同乡组织所办的教育事业显示出鲜明的地域特色和相对的封闭性。同样,同乡组织的地域性和经费问题使同乡组织办学走不出地域间的不平衡、移民子弟教育和成人移民教育事业发展的不平衡以及不能满足移民巨大教育需求的困局。近代上海同乡组织兴办移民教育的历史为当前城市化进程中解决移民教育问题提供了如下启示:第一、当前城市化进程中解决移民教育问题要重视移民自组织的力量;第二、当前的打工子弟学校自身要重视质量建设;第三、当前城市化进程中的移民教育不仅要注重移民子弟的教育,也要重视成人移民的教育。
[Abstract]:Modern Shanghai is recognized as a city of immigrants. Different from the immigrants in traditional agricultural society, the immigrants in modern Shanghai have their own characteristics. The immigrants in modern Shanghai moved to Shanghai to make a living under the background of the transformation from traditional Chinese commercial port to modern metropolis under the invasion of foreign forces. In the process of industrialization and urbanization in modern Shanghai, the mode of production of modern machines and advanced urban civilization require these peasants from rural areas and their descendants to receive education and improve their quality so as to realize the transformation from traditional peasants to modern citizens. Change.
The fellow-townsmen's organization is a kind of folk society organization established spontaneously in different places by the bond of local geography. It is named after the guild hall (public office) and the fellow-townsmen's association. It plays the function of self-organization and self-management in the immigrant society. Modern Shanghai is the most powerful city with fellow-townsmen's organization. In the historical process of change, the structure and function of the fellow townsmen's organizations have gradually changed to modern times, and the development of immigration education has become an important cause for them.
This study starts with the educational problems of the immigrants as a special group in the process of urbanization in modern Shanghai, and selects the immigrant education activities carried out by the non-governmental organizations spontaneously established by the immigrants-fellow-townsmen organizations, hoping to show the establishment of the traditional Chinese civil society organization, fellow-townsmen organizations, from the perspective of the people. The history of Immigrant Education in Shanghai is summarized, its school-running characteristics are summarized, and its role in immigrant education is explored, so as to take this as a window to observe the Immigrant Education in modern Shanghai and to see through the characteristics of Immigrant Education in the process of urbanization in modern Shanghai.
To this end, the study is divided into six chapters.
The first chapter mainly explains and combs the related concepts, the significance of the topic, the research progress, the contributions and shortcomings of the topic. The second chapter focuses on the development process, membership system, organization construction and economic system of contemporary Shanghai compatriot organizations. And the demand of education; the demand of the development of urban modernization for the education of immigrants; the development of fellow-townsman organizations and other aspects of modern Shanghai fellow-townsman organizations are divided into four historical stages of development, and each stage of development of fellow-townsman organizations to start schools and teach a detailed description of the situation. The second stage is the period of development and prosperity (1911-1937); the third stage is the period of difficult maintenance (1937-1945); the fourth stage is the period of restructuring the flag and drum (1945-1949). The fourth chapter takes the activities of Ningbo Traveling in Shanghai and Guangzhao Commune as the main typical example, from a horizontal perspective to the modern Shanghai compatriot organizations. This paper makes a thorough analysis of the practical activities of setting up education for immigrant children, mainly from the four aspects of funding system, administrative management system, teaching system, Education Award and loan system to fully reproduce the educational practice activities and their distinct personality characteristics of fellow countrymen's organizations. During the period of residence (public house) and fellow townsmen's association, fellow townsmen's organizations played an educational and educational role in adult immigration education. This paper mainly introduced the various and colorful social education in the Republic of China in order to improve the quality of adult immigrants, help them quickly adapt to urban life, and realize the transformation process from peasants to citizens. On the basis of the analysis of the previous chapters, the sixth chapter puts forward the reflection and Enlightenment of the establishment of immigration education by the contemporary Shanghai compatriot organizations. Quantity. The locality of fellow-townsman organizations makes the educational undertakings run by fellow-townsman organizations show distinct regional characteristics and relative closeness. Similarly, the locality and funding problems of fellow-townsman organizations make it impossible to run schools out of the imbalance between regions, the imbalance between the education of children of immigrants and that of adult immigrants, and the dissatisfaction of the educational undertakings. The history of the establishment of Immigrant Education in modern Shanghai provides the following enlightenment for solving the problem of Immigrant Education in the process of urbanization: first, we should attach importance to the power of immigrant self-organization in solving the problem of Immigrant Education in the process of urbanization; second, we should attach importance to the school itself of migrant children. Third, in the process of urbanization, immigration education should not only pay attention to the education of immigrant children, but also to the education of adult immigrants.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：G529

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