和谐视角下孔子教育公平思想及其当代价值

发布时间：2018-01-04 20:31

本文关键词：和谐视角下孔子教育公平思想及其当代价值　出处：《山东财经大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：教育是化解矛盾冲突、实现社会和谐的重要手段之一。本文以社会和谐为尺度和切入点，对孔子通过“教育公平”而达致教育和谐，进而实现社会和谐的观点进行梳理和研究，并探讨对当代中国高等教育公平与教育和谐建设的借鉴意义。孔子将教育作为实现社会和谐根本而又有效的手段。面对社会剧变导致的礼崩乐坏局面，孔子期望恢复周礼，实现仁政德治的政治抱负，为此就要培养中正仁和的君子。他的教育思想以公平为价值取向，给予平民参政的机会。这种教育和谐的价值观包括用丰富的教学内容来达致和谐人格的培养，用因人而异的教学方法挖掘个人的潜能，用中正无偏的标准评价学生，从而实现和而不同的学术原则。基于此，孔子提出了系统的教育公平思想，并身体力行。“性相近”隐含了孔子的人性平等思想取向，这是实现教育公平的认识前提；“有教无类”彰显了孔子教育公平的出发点，至今也具有很高的社会价值；“教学相长”、“因材施教”体现了孔子在教学过程中对学生的尊重和对和谐师生关系的重视，是实现教育公平的有效手段和重要方式，具有重要的进步意义；而“学而优则仕”的“贤贤”主张则是对当时分封制下以血缘为基础的任人唯亲的“亲亲”标准的否定，是孔子教育公平主张的落脚点，，展示出他由教育公平导向社会公平和社会和谐的政治抱负。当代社会转型带来的高等教育困境与孔子所处的社会大变革时代而导致的教育震荡有相近之处。当代的和谐社会建设与孔子的德政礼治理想亦相映成趣。孔子在实现他理想中的大同社会、和谐社会的构想与实践中始终贯彻一个清晰的思路，即教育公平→教育和谐→人的和谐→社会和谐，这对于我国高等教育领域和谐建设乃至整个社会的和谐建设，都具有重要的实践价值。追求教育公平首先应当真正按照人人平等来设计教育政策和改革措施；教育改革应当着眼于消除身份地位对教育资源分配的影响，而不是放大这种影响；应当通过构筑民主平等的师生关系来优化教育生态，塑造教育的和谐与高尚；“因材施教”的个性化教育，需要民主、先进的教育方法，促进人的全面发展；以量才任用，人尽其才的就业理念保障高等教育结果的平等，改革大学生分配制度，强化监督监管，克服任人唯亲、裙带关系等对大学生分配的影响。
[Abstract]:Education is one of the important means to resolve conflicts and realize social harmony. This paper regards social harmony as the yardstick and breakthrough point to achieve educational harmony for Confucius through "educational fairness". Then, the author analyzes and studies the viewpoint of realizing social harmony, and probes into the significance of reference to the construction of higher education fairness and education harmony in contemporary China. Confucius regards education as the basic and effective means to realize social harmony. Facing the situation of the breakage of etiquette caused by the social upheaval, Confucius expects to restore the Zhou rites and realize the political ambition of benevolent government by virtue. To this end, it is necessary to cultivate a gentleman who is upright and benevolent. His educational thought takes equity as the value orientation and gives the common people the opportunity to participate in politics. This kind of educational harmonious value includes the cultivation of harmonious personality with rich teaching contents. Individual potential is exploited by different teaching methods, and students are evaluated according to the standard of unbiased, so as to realize the academic principle of harmony but difference. Based on this, Confucius put forward the systematic thought of educational fairness, and carried it out. "the similarity of nature" implied Confucius' ideological orientation of equality of human nature, which is the cognitive premise of realizing the equality of education. "there is no kind of education" shows the starting point of Confucius' education fairness, so far also has very high social value; "Teaching with each other" and "teaching according to his aptitude" embodies Confucius' respect for students and the importance of harmonious teacher-student relationship in the teaching process, which is an effective means and an important way to realize educational fairness and has important progressive significance. However, the idea of "virtuous and virtuous" of "learning and being superior" is the negation of the standard of "kinship", which is based on consanguinity, and is the foothold of Confucius' proposition of educational fairness. It shows his political ambition to guide social justice and social harmony from educational equity. The predicament of higher education brought about by the transformation of contemporary society is similar to the shock of education caused by the great social change of Confucius. The construction of contemporary harmonious society is closely related to Confucius' ideal of governing by virtue and propriety. Confucius. In the realization of his ideal society. The concept and practice of a harmonious Society has always carried out a clear train of thought, that is, education fairness 鈫扙ducational harmony. 鈫扝uman harmony. 鈫扴ocial harmony, this for our country higher education field harmonious construction and even the whole society harmonious construction. The pursuit of educational equity should first of all design educational policies and reform measures according to the equality of all; Education reform should focus on eliminating, rather than amplifying, the impact of identity status on the allocation of educational resources; We should optimize the educational ecology by constructing the democratic and equal teacher-student relationship and shape the harmony and nobility of education. The individualized education of "teaching students according to their aptitude" needs democratic and advanced educational methods to promote the all-round development of human beings; The employment idea of using quantity to make the best use of talents ensures the equality of the results of higher education, reforms the distribution system of college students, strengthens the supervision and supervision, and overcomes the influence of cronyism and nepotism on the distribution of college students.
【学位授予单位】：山东财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G40-09

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