初中生父母教养方式对心理韧性、自尊的影响研究

发布时间：2018-01-06 13:06

本文关键词：初中生父母教养方式对心理韧性、自尊的影响研究　出处：《上海师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：初中生处于人生发展特殊时期,个性特点最为鲜明、自我意识蓬勃发展。他们一方面会因本能冲动带来问题,另一方面会对面临的新的社会要求和冲突而感到困扰和混乱。这一时期学生的自尊水平和应对外界压力的能力尤为重要。本研究从与孩子联系最为紧密的父母角度,去探讨父母教养方式对初中生心理韧性、自尊的影响。本研究通过运用文献查阅法、访谈法、问卷调查法、数据统计等方法修订了我国《初中生父母教养方式量表》。以修订好的《初中生父母教养方式量表》、《青少年心理韧性量表》(胡月琴,甘怡群,2008)《Rosenberg走尊量表》(RSES)为研究工具,共计926名初中生为被试,采用问卷调查法和数据统计法进行研究,得出以下结论： 1、父母教养方式中关心、过度保护、自主性三维度结构更符合我国初中生群体。在我国初中生被试群体的父母教养方式,较之其他国家冷漠/拒绝的成分较少。过度保护和自主性不是同一维度的两极关系。根据自主性和关心维度的高低分将父母教养方式分为：关心自主型、关心—控制型、冷漠-自主型、冷漠—控制型. 2、经卡方检验,父母亲四种类型,在不同年级、性别、家庭类型、是否独生的初中生中,所占比例差异不显著,同时也不受父母学历影响。 3、父亲不会囚为子女的性别而改变教养方式,但是会对非独生子女表现出更多的保护;而母亲不会因为子女性别和个数改变自己的教养方式。 4、父亲学历越高,对孩子的保护程度越高,而母亲学历对初中生过度保护方面差异不显著。不同家庭类型和年级方面,父母过度保护差异均显著。 5、独生子有更高的自我评价和自我价值感。预备班学生自尊水平高于初一、初二学生。双亲家庭学生自尊水平高于丧亲家庭学生。父亲和母亲学历越高,孩子的自尊水平越低,尤其是母亲的学历.影响更大。 6、女生对逆境的辩证看法和乐观态度更优于男生,且遇到困难时女生有更多的人际关系可以获取帮助或宣泄情绪。独生子女对逆境的辩证看法和乐观态度更优于非独生子女,且他们在困境中对情绪波动和悲观的控制和调整更好。 7、关心—自主型的父亲、关心—控制型的母亲对孩子的自尊水平提高有很大的帮助,同时有利于提高孩子心理韧性水平,以便孩子更好地应对外界压力和问题。冷漠—控制型的父母亲最不利于孩子的自尊水平和心理韧性水平的提高。高自尊有利于初中生心理韧性的提高。 8、父母对孩子足够的关心,有利于孩子自尊水平的提高,进而能够提升孩子的心理韧性水平；父母对孩子过多的保护和期望,给予孩子较多的个人空间,不加以要求和约束,均容易使孩子形成较低水平的自尊,不利于孩子心理韧性水平的提高。
[Abstract]:Junior high school students in a special period of life development, the most distinctive personality characteristics, self-awareness of vigorous development. On the one hand, they will cause problems because of instinctive impulse. On the other hand, they are troubled and confused by the new social demands and conflicts they face. During this period, students' self-esteem level and ability to cope with external pressures are particularly important. Degree. To explore the influence of parental rearing style on mental resilience and self-esteem of junior high school students. Data statistics and other methods revised our country "Junior High School students' Parental rearing style scale", with the revised "Junior High School students' Parental rearing style scale", "Adolescent Psychological resilience scale" (Hu Yueqin, Gan Yi-qun). A total of 926 junior middle school students were included in the study. Questionnaires and data statistics were used to study the results. Draw the following conclusions: 1. In the parental rearing style, care, over-protection, autonomy three-dimensional structure is more in line with our junior high school students. In China, the parents of junior high school students in the group of parenting. Excessive protection and autonomy are not bipolar relations in the same dimension. According to the scores of autonomy and concern, parental rearing style is divided into care autonomy. Care-control, apathy-autonomy, apathy-control. 2. According to chi-square test, the proportion of parents in junior high school students with different grades, sex, family type and only birth was not significant, and it was not influenced by parents' education at the same time. 3. Fathers do not change their parenting style for the sake of their children's gender, but they show more protection for non-only children, while mothers do not change their parenting methods because of the gender and number of children. 4. The higher the education of father, the higher the degree of protection to children, but the difference of mother's education to junior high school students' over-protection is not significant, and the difference of parents' overprotection is significant in different family types and grades. 5. The only child has a higher sense of self-evaluation and self-worth. The self-esteem level of the students in the preparatory class is higher than that of the first and second grade students. The self-esteem level of the two-parent students is higher than that of the bereavement family students. The higher the education level of the father and mother is. The lower the child's self-esteem, especially the mother's degree, the greater the impact. 6. Female students' dialectical view and optimistic attitude towards adversity are better than boys'. The only child's dialectical view and optimistic attitude towards adversity is better than that of non-only child. And they have better control and adjustment to mood swings and pessimism in difficult times. 7. Caring-independent father and caring-controlling mother have great help to improve their children's self-esteem level, and at the same time, it is helpful to improve their children's psychological resilience. In order to better deal with the external pressure and problems, the indifferent and controlled parents are most harmful to the improvement of self-esteem and psychological resilience of the children. High self-esteem is conducive to the improvement of mental resilience of junior high school students. 8. Parents' concern for their children is beneficial to the improvement of their self-esteem, and then to the improvement of their children's psychological resilience. Parents' too much protection and expectation, giving their children more personal space, and not requiring and restricting, will easily make the children form lower self-esteem, which is not conducive to the improvement of children's psychological resilience.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B844.2

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