执行功能、自我调节与大学生拖延的相关研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 02:26

本文选题：拖延 + 自我调节　；参考：《华中科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：拖延行为是指个体有意识地延迟必做任务的一种行为。大学生群体中的拖延现象并不少见，且已经引起了学校、社会等多方面的关注。拖延不仅阻碍了大学生学业的发展，也影响他们的心理健康。因此，探讨大学生拖延行为的原因就显得十分重要。本研究采用问卷和实验相结合的方法，本研究采用问卷和实验相结合的方法，随机抽取645名大学生做问卷调查，考察大学生拖延行为与自我调节的关系；招募73名被试完成实验测量及问卷调查以研究大学生拖延现象与其执行功能的关系，并探讨大学生拖延行为、自我调节与执行功能三者之间的关系。本研究结果发现：一是大学生在日常生活中存在一定程度的唤醒型拖延和回避型拖延行为，且在两类拖延行为中，唤醒型拖延比回避型拖延行为更多。男生比女生两类拖延行为更多。不同专业的学生在两类拖延行为上存在显著差异：在唤醒型拖延方面，工科生的拖延行为比理科、医学专业的学生多，文科生比理科生拖延行为更多，在回避型拖延方面，工科生比文科、理科、医学三个专业的学生拖延行为更多。二是大学生的自我调节水平整体较高，在自我调节的五个维度中，自我反应能力最好，其次是设定目标和自我监察能力。男生在自我调节各维度上得分均显著低于女生。不同专业间自我调节能力也存有显著差异，具体表现在医学生在设定目标、制定计划、执行计划、自我监察等方面的能力大多好于其他专业学生；相比而言，工科学生的自我调节水平比其他三个专业弱。三是大学生两类拖延行为与自我调节各维度间均存在显著负相关，且回避型拖延与自我调节各维度的相关程度均高于唤醒型拖延与自我调节各维度的相关程度。自我调节五个维度中的制定计划和执行计划两个维度与两类拖延的相关更高。自我调节对两类拖延均有显著预测作用，其中自我调节对回避型拖延的解释力度更大，在五个维度中均是执行计划这一维度对两类拖延的解释力度更大。四是执行功能的三个子功能均与两类拖延有显著相关，而且与唤醒型拖延相比，回避型拖延与执行功能各子成分的相关程度更高。执行功能能够显著预测拖延，且在三个子功能中，认知转换功能对拖延的预测力度更大，其次是抑制功能、记忆刷新功能。不同拖延程度者在执行功能的表现上存在着显著差异，具体表现为高低回避型拖延程度者在三个子功能上均存在显著差异，而高低唤醒型拖延程度者仅在抑制功能上存有显著差异。五是自我调节在抑制功能影响大学生拖延行为中起到部分中介作用，，中介效应占总效应的1/4。抑制功能能够直接影响拖延，也能够通过自我调节间接影响拖延，但直接影响作用更大。
[Abstract]:Procrastination is a behavior in which an individual consciously delays a required task. Procrastination in college students is not uncommon, and has attracted attention from schools and society. Procrastination not only hinders the development of college students' studies, but also affects their mental health. Therefore, it is very important to explore the causes of procrastination among college students. In this study, 645 college students were randomly selected to investigate the relationship between procrastination behavior and self-regulation. 73 subjects were recruited to study the relationship between procrastination phenomenon and executive function, and to explore the relationship among procrastination behavior, self-regulation and executive function. The findings of this study are as follows: One is that college students have arousal procrastination behavior and evasive procrastination behavior in their daily life, and in the two kinds of procrastination behaviors, arousal procrastination behavior is more than evasive procrastination behavior. Boys are more likely to procrastinate than girls. There are significant differences in two types of procrastination behaviors among students of different majors: in arousal procrastination, in science, in medicine, in arts, in evasive procrastination, and in evasive procrastination. Engineering students are more likely to procrastinate than students majoring in liberal arts, science and medicine. On the other hand, the level of self-regulation of college students is higher as a whole. Among the five dimensions of self-regulation, the ability of self-reaction is the best, followed by the ability of setting goals and self-monitoring. The scores of boys in all dimensions of self-regulation were significantly lower than those of girls. There are also significant differences in self-regulation ability among different majors, which is manifested in that the ability of medical students in setting goals, making plans, executing plans, self-monitoring and so on is mostly better than that of other major students. Engineering students' self-regulation level is weaker than the other three majors. Third, there is a significant negative correlation between the two types of procrastination and self-regulation, and the degree of correlation between evasive procrastination and self-regulation is higher than that between arousal procrastination and self-regulation. The two dimensions of self-regulation planning and execution plan are more correlated with two types of procrastination. Self-regulation has significant predictive effect on both types of procrastination, in which self-regulation is more powerful in explaining avoidance procrastination, and in all of the five dimensions, the implementation plan dimension is more powerful in explaining the two types of procrastination. Fourth, the three sub-functions of executive function are significantly related to the two types of procrastination, and compared with arousal procrastination, the degree of correlation between evasive procrastination and each sub-component of executive function is higher. Executive function can significantly predict procrastination, and among the three sub-functions, cognitive conversion function can predict procrastination more strongly, followed by inhibition function and memory refresh function. There are significant differences in the performance of executive function among the patients with different degree of procrastination, and there are significant differences in the three sub-functions of those with high or low avoidance degree of procrastination. However, there were only significant differences in inhibitory function between high and low arousal procrastination. Fifth, self-regulation plays a part of intermediary role in inhibiting the procrastination behavior of college students, and the intermediary effect accounts for 1 / 4 of the total effect. Inhibition function can affect procrastination directly and indirectly through self-regulation, but the direct effect is greater.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B844.2

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