俄罗斯儿童补充教育发展研究

发布时间：2018-06-26 01:29

本文选题：儿童补充教育 + 校外教育　；参考：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：教育不只是指学校教育,还包括家庭教育和校外教育,三者协同发展才能形成统一教育空间。21世纪,在强调培养创新型人才和人才强国战略的背景下,校外教育备受重视。俄罗斯儿童补充教育的发展已经经历了近100年的历史,形成了独具特色的发展模式。儿童补充教育是与成人补充教育相对应的,主要对象是中等及以下教育的学生。儿童补充教育在补充教育体系中的位置就像中小学教育在学校教育体系中的位置一样重要,并且,俄罗斯把校外教育与学校教育摆在同等地位,而不是学校教育的附属品。因此,俄罗斯出台各种政策文件促进其发展,逐渐形成了儿童补充教育体系。该体系存在独特的目标、功能和运行原则,拥有专门的机构、内容和方法,也注重自身管理和教师的专业化发展。从其成效来看,其不仅促进了儿童个性化全面发展,而且也促进了科技进步和统一教育空间的形成。未来,俄罗斯还会加大对儿童补充教育的关注力度,加大财政投入,增强补充教育与学校、家庭教育的协调性,重视教师专业化和天才儿童的培养,逐步促进其向成熟教育体制迈进。反观我国:首先,在认识上,把校外教育看作学校教育的附属品或将其等同于校外辅导;其次,校外教育城乡、区域间也存在较大差异;再次,教育资源没有有效整合;然后,政府支持力度不大;最后,缺少科学的评价体系。针对我国校外教育实际发展过程中存在的这些问题,通过系统分析俄罗斯儿童补充教育"是什么"、"为什么"和"怎样做",本研究认为可以从以下三方面着手解决:国家做好校外教育力量的引导;校外教育管理者努力完善校外教育体制;社会大众共同为"校外教育"正名。
[Abstract]:Education not only refers to school education, but also includes family education and out-of-school education. Only when the three develop together can they form a unified educational space. Under the background of emphasizing the cultivation of innovative talents and the strategy of strengthening the country with talented people, out-of-school education is attached great importance to. The development of supplementary education for children in Russia has experienced nearly 100 years of history, forming a unique development model. Children's supplementary education is corresponding to adult supplementary education, and it is mainly aimed at students of secondary education and below. Supplementary education for children is as important in the supplementary education system as primary and secondary education is in the school system, and Russia places out-of-school education on an equal footing with school education, rather than an accessory to school education. Therefore, Russia issued various policy documents to promote its development and gradually formed a supplementary education system for children. The system has unique objectives, functions and operating principles, has special institutions, content and methods, but also pays attention to its own management and professional development of teachers. From its effect, it not only promotes the all-round development of children's individuation, but also promotes the progress of science and technology and the formation of unified educational space. In the future, Russia will also increase its attention to supplementary education for children, increase its financial investment, enhance the coordination of supplementary education with schools and family education, and attach importance to the professionalization of teachers and the training of gifted children. Gradually promote its progress towards a mature educational system. On the contrary, in our country: first of all, in cognition, we regard out-of-school education as an adjunct to school education or equate it with out-of-school guidance; secondly, there are great differences between urban and rural areas in out-of-school education; thirdly, there is no effective integration of educational resources; then, Government support is not strong; finally, the lack of scientific evaluation system. In view of these problems existing in the actual development of our country's out-of-school education, Through the systematic analysis of "what", "why" and "how to do" for children's supplementary education in Russia, this study suggests that the following three aspects can be taken to solve the problem: the state should do a good job in guiding the strength of out-of-school education; The outside-school education managers try to perfect the system of out-school education.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G551.2

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