清退与发展：山西省代课教师问题研究
发布时间：2018-08-21 14:48
【摘要】：进入新世纪后,我国政府和教育行政部门在政策层面开始大面积清退代课教师。代课教师——这一在中国教育发展历程中曾经起过重要作用、作出巨大牺牲和贡献的群体,在我国的教育制度层面不再具有合法地位和存在的法理依据。然而,大量来自基础教育一线的研究结果和调研数据表明:代课教师在城乡中小学并没有真正地消失,只不过以更加隐蔽的不合法身份事实地存在着。由于我国中小学教师编制制度存在的固有“硬伤”和国家二胎政策的放开等原因,城乡中小学校的代课教师并没有像政策预期的那样快速消失。代课教师群体在我国义务教育的发展过程中是否应该是一种常态化的存在?代课教师“清”而不“退”的深层原因和制度机理到底是什么?代课教师与正式在编教师同工不同酬的现象是否有违《劳动法》、是否侵犯了教师的生存权和发展权?代课教师群体最终应该走向何方?等等。这一系列问题均困扰着我国义务教育的良性发展。笔者生长在一个代课教师家庭,从小耳濡目染了一个普通代课教师生活与工作的点点滴滴,对代课教师具有天然的情愫。借力山西师范大学“山西省义务教育优质教育资源均衡‘顽疾’问题研究”课题组在山西省四个地市、十一个县(区)调研的大量事实和数据;同时,在中国知网以“代课教师”、“代课教师政策”、“中小学校”等为关键词,搜集了核心期刊和CSSCI期刊论文40余篇、优秀博硕论文10余篇,并查阅了2000年以来《山西省教育统计年鉴》和《中国民办教师现象透视》等相关著作,占有了大量代课教师相关问题的事实和数据;另外,在课题调研的过程中,笔者还访谈了不同年龄、不同区域、不同学历共计67位代课教师,对代课教师有了更深的感性认识。在此基础之上,本研究对代课教师的清退政策、代课教师的“清”而不“退”、代课教师的素质状况、工资待遇、职业发展现状和城市代课教师数量等六方面问题进行了详细地梳理与分析。研究发现,代课教师清退政策缺乏强有力的政策手段,对代课教师的刚性需求促使基层学校求助于代课教师,代课教师缺乏规范化的管理和引导,代课教师群体的生存权和发展权受到侵害,代课教师问题还未受到政府及教育行政部门的足够重视,城市代课教师反弹现象突显教师编制制度的“硬伤”。为了破解目前代课教师存在的难题,研究认为,应从以下四个方面进行突破:代课教师清退政策应符合地方教育发展形势,改革现行的教师编制制度,地方政府和教育行政部门应对代课教师进行规范管理,保障优秀代课教师的生存权与发展权。
[Abstract]:After entering the new century, our government and educational administrative departments begin to clear out substitute teachers in a large area at the policy level. Substitute teachers, who have played an important role in the development of Chinese education, have made great sacrifices and contributions, and no longer have legal status and legal basis of existence in the educational system of our country. However, a large number of research results and data from the basic education line show that substitute teachers have not really disappeared in primary and secondary schools in urban and rural areas, but only exist in a more hidden and illegal status. Due to the inherent "bruises" in the system of primary and secondary school teachers in our country and the opening up of the national policy of second child, the substitute teachers in primary and secondary schools in urban and rural areas have not disappeared as fast as the policy expected. Should the group of substitute teachers in the development of compulsory education in China be a regular existence? What are the deep reasons and institutional mechanism of the substitute teachers'"Qing" and not "retreat"? Is the pay difference between substitute teachers and regular teachers in violation of the Labor Law and the teachers' right to survival and development? Where should the group of substitute teachers end up? Wait This series of problems are puzzling the healthy development of compulsory education in our country. Growing up in a substitute teacher's family, the author has a little bit of life and work of an ordinary substitute teacher from childhood, which has a natural emotion to substitute teacher. The research group of Shanxi normal University on the problem of "persistent Disease" in the balance of quality Education Resources of compulsory Education in Shanxi Province has investigated a large number of facts and data in four cities and eleven counties (districts) of Shanxi Province; at the same time, Taking "substitute teacher", "substitute teacher Policy", "Primary and Middle School" as the key words, we collected more than 40 papers in core journals and CSSCI journals, and more than 10 excellent articles. And has consulted the relevant works such as Shanxi Province Statistical Yearbook of Education and the phenomenon Perspective of Private Teachers in China since 2000, and has occupied a large number of facts and data on the related problems of substitute teachers. In addition, in the course of the research on the subject, The author also interviewed 67 substitute teachers with different ages, different regions and different academic qualifications, and gained a deeper understanding of substitute teachers. On the basis of this, this study is concerned with the policy of clearing and retreating substitute teachers, the quality of substitute teachers, and the wages and benefits of substitute teachers. The present situation of professional development and the number of substitute teachers are analyzed in detail. It is found that the policy of clearing and withdrawing substitute teachers lacks strong policy means, and the rigid demand for substitute teachers urges grass-roots schools to turn to substitute teachers, and substitute teachers lack standardized management and guidance. The rights to survival and development of substitute teachers have been infringed upon, the problem of substitute teachers has not been paid enough attention by the government and the educational administration department, and the phenomenon of urban substitute teachers' rebound highlights the "hard injury" of the teacher establishment system. In order to solve the problems of substitute teachers at present, the research suggests that the following four aspects should be broken through: the policy of eliminating and withdrawing substitute teachers should be in line with the situation of local education development, and the current system of teacher establishment should be reformed. Local governments and educational administrative departments should regulate the management of substitute teachers to ensure the survival and development rights of excellent substitute teachers.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G525.1
本文编号：2196078
[Abstract]:After entering the new century, our government and educational administrative departments begin to clear out substitute teachers in a large area at the policy level. Substitute teachers, who have played an important role in the development of Chinese education, have made great sacrifices and contributions, and no longer have legal status and legal basis of existence in the educational system of our country. However, a large number of research results and data from the basic education line show that substitute teachers have not really disappeared in primary and secondary schools in urban and rural areas, but only exist in a more hidden and illegal status. Due to the inherent "bruises" in the system of primary and secondary school teachers in our country and the opening up of the national policy of second child, the substitute teachers in primary and secondary schools in urban and rural areas have not disappeared as fast as the policy expected. Should the group of substitute teachers in the development of compulsory education in China be a regular existence? What are the deep reasons and institutional mechanism of the substitute teachers'"Qing" and not "retreat"? Is the pay difference between substitute teachers and regular teachers in violation of the Labor Law and the teachers' right to survival and development? Where should the group of substitute teachers end up? Wait This series of problems are puzzling the healthy development of compulsory education in our country. Growing up in a substitute teacher's family, the author has a little bit of life and work of an ordinary substitute teacher from childhood, which has a natural emotion to substitute teacher. The research group of Shanxi normal University on the problem of "persistent Disease" in the balance of quality Education Resources of compulsory Education in Shanxi Province has investigated a large number of facts and data in four cities and eleven counties (districts) of Shanxi Province; at the same time, Taking "substitute teacher", "substitute teacher Policy", "Primary and Middle School" as the key words, we collected more than 40 papers in core journals and CSSCI journals, and more than 10 excellent articles. And has consulted the relevant works such as Shanxi Province Statistical Yearbook of Education and the phenomenon Perspective of Private Teachers in China since 2000, and has occupied a large number of facts and data on the related problems of substitute teachers. In addition, in the course of the research on the subject, The author also interviewed 67 substitute teachers with different ages, different regions and different academic qualifications, and gained a deeper understanding of substitute teachers. On the basis of this, this study is concerned with the policy of clearing and retreating substitute teachers, the quality of substitute teachers, and the wages and benefits of substitute teachers. The present situation of professional development and the number of substitute teachers are analyzed in detail. It is found that the policy of clearing and withdrawing substitute teachers lacks strong policy means, and the rigid demand for substitute teachers urges grass-roots schools to turn to substitute teachers, and substitute teachers lack standardized management and guidance. The rights to survival and development of substitute teachers have been infringed upon, the problem of substitute teachers has not been paid enough attention by the government and the educational administration department, and the phenomenon of urban substitute teachers' rebound highlights the "hard injury" of the teacher establishment system. In order to solve the problems of substitute teachers at present, the research suggests that the following four aspects should be broken through: the policy of eliminating and withdrawing substitute teachers should be in line with the situation of local education development, and the current system of teacher establishment should be reformed. Local governments and educational administrative departments should regulate the management of substitute teachers to ensure the survival and development rights of excellent substitute teachers.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G525.1
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