研究生网络闲散行为动机量表的编制及相关研究

发布时间：2018-08-24 08:31

【摘要】：当今社会是信息技术高速发展的社会,在当下的信息时代中,互联网作为企业和组织中的一个极其重要的平台和工具,可以极大地提高员工的工作效率(Lim,2002)。但同时也是因为互联网所带来的便捷性与丰富性,会使得一些员工在工作的时候使用互联网来做一些与工作无关的事情(BlanchardHenle,2008)。研究者们将这种在企业的工作时间内员工自愿使用互联网来从事与工作无关活动的现象称之为网络闲散行为(cyberloafing),(Lim,2002)。网络闲散行为是互联网时代中,企业和组织生活中常见的一种现象,有调查表明,员工在每天的日常工作中至少会花费一个小时来从事与非工作相关的活动,其中大部分的时间都在上网(Salary.com.,2009)。对网络闲散行为的研究最早是出现在组织管理学中的,但由于网络闲散的行为不仅会给企业和组织带来影响,同时也对个体的心理健康造成影响,因此也有越来越多的心理学研究者开始关注这个问题。以往网络闲散行为的研究对象大部分是针对企业而进行的,很少有人研究学校中的网络闲散行为,但随着学校互联网的普遍使用,越来越多的研究者开始关注学校中的网络闲散行为。针对学校网络闲散行为的多数研究都是以大学生为对象进行的,很少有人关注研究生群体的网络闲散行为。但相比大学生而言,研究生在校期间的主要活动就是学术和科学的研究活动,而现在任何一项科研活动的开展和进行都离不开互联网的帮助,那研究生在使用互联网完成科研的过程中出现的网络闲散行为应该成为一个值得关注和研究的问题。且以往针对网络闲散行为的测量和研究主要集中在网络闲散行为发生时的主要活动上,对网络闲散行为的动机的测量和研究较少,而了解到网络闲散行为的动机可以帮助组织和个人更加有效地管理自己的行为。因此本研究主要是针对研究生网络闲散行为动机进行研究,编制有关研究生网络闲散行为动机量表,同时对当前的研究生网络闲散行为及动机的现状进行分析,并在此基础上探讨网络闲散行为与心理健康之间的关系。通过梳理以往有关网络闲散行为及动机的相关文献,本研究提出了研究生网络闲散行为和网络闲散行为动机的操作性定义,即研究生网络闲散行为是指研究生个体本该在使用计算机网络来完成学习任务(如阅读文献、撰写文章/报告、完成老师布置作业等)时,却使用网络来进行与学习任务无关的活动或行为。研究生网络闲散行为动机是驱使研究生个体进行网络闲散行为的心理动力。本研究在参考国内外相关文献和相关量表的基础上,通过对75份开放式问卷调查结果的分析编制了包含46个题项的初测问卷,在重庆市西南大学发放250份问卷,回收有效问卷222份,采用SPSS16.0软件对数据进行项目分析和探索性因素分析,形成了包含17个题项的正式问卷。在重庆、安徽等地共发放正式问卷900份,回收有效问卷800份,采用SPSS16.0,AMOS21.0对数据进行信效度检验,信度检验包含了内部一致性信度和重测信度的分析,效度检验包含了内容效度、结构效度和效标效度的分析。本研究探讨了研究生网络闲散行为动机在人口学变量上的差异(性别、年即、家庭所在地、独生与否和专业),还同时探讨了网络闲散行为动机在外控性特质和网络成瘾之间的中介作用。本研究的结果表明:(1)自编的研究生网络闲散行为动机量表由17个条目组成,包含发展爱好、社会交往、任务回避、身心调节和网络诱惑5个维度。(2)自编的研究生网络闲散行为动机量表具有良好的信效度、可以作为测量研究生网络闲散行为动机的工具。(3)男性和女性研究生在网络闲散行为的时间上并没有表现出明显的差异,但是男性和女性研究生在进行网络闲散行为时所采取的具体活动有所不同,男研究生网络闲散时的主要活动是打游戏和看新闻,女研究生网络闲散时的主要活动是网上购物和社交聊天。(4)女研究生在社会交往与网络诱惑这两个动机维度上的得分显著高于男研究生;独生子女在发展爱好和身心调节这两个动机水平上的得分显著高于非独生子女;家庭所在地位于城镇的学生在发展爱好这个动机水平上的得分显著高于家庭位于农村的学生;不同年级之间在研究生网络闲散行为的动机水平上并没有表现出明显的差异。(5)研究生网络闲散行为动机中的任务回避、身心调节和网络诱惑动机在外控性特质与网络成瘾倾向之间起到了部分中介作用。
[Abstract]:Today's society is a society with rapid development of information technology. In the current information age, the Internet, as an extremely important platform and tool for enterprises and organizations, can greatly improve the efficiency of employees (Lim, 2002). But at the same time, because of the convenience and richness brought by the Internet, it will make some employees at work. Researchers call cyberloafing (Lim, 2002). Cyberloafing (cyberloafing) is a phenomenon in which employees volunteer to use the Internet to engage in work-free activities during their working hours. A common phenomenon in organizational life is that employees spend at least one hour in their daily work to engage in non-work-related activities, most of which are online (Salary.com., 2009). Behavior will not only affect enterprises and organizations, but also affect the mental health of individuals, so more and more psychological researchers have begun to pay attention to this problem. With the widespread use of the Internet in schools, more and more researchers have begun to pay attention to the network idleness behavior in schools. Most of the studies on the network idleness behavior in schools are conducted on College students. Few people pay attention to the network idleness behavior of graduate students. Academic and scientific research activities, and now any scientific research activities can not be carried out without the help of the Internet, then graduate students in the use of the Internet to complete scientific research in the process of network idle behavior should become a concern and research issues. We should concentrate on the main activities when the network idle behavior occurs. There are few measurements and researches on the motivation of network idle behavior. Understanding the motivation of network idle behavior can help organizations and individuals to manage their behavior more effectively. On the basis of the analysis of the current situation of postgraduate's Internet idle behavior and motivation, this paper explores the relationship between Internet idle behavior and mental health. Operational definitions of idle behavior and motivation for idle behavior on the Internet refer to the use of the Internet by graduate students to perform activities or behaviors unrelated to their learning tasks, such as reading literature, writing articles/reports, and assigning assignments to teachers. The motivation of Internet idleness is the psychological motivation that drives graduate students to engage in Internet idleness. Based on the relevant literatures and scales at home and abroad, this study compiled a preliminary questionnaire with 46 items by analyzing the results of 75 open-ended questionnaires. 250 questionnaires were distributed in Southwest University of Chongqing and were collected. A total of 222 valid questionnaires were sent out in Chongqing, Anhui and other places, and 800 valid questionnaires were collected. The reliability and validity of the data were tested by SPSS16.0 and AMOS21.0. The reliability test included internal consistency. The validity test included content validity, structure validity and criterion validity. This study explored the demographic variables (gender, year, family location, only child or not, and major) of Internet idleness motivation among postgraduates, as well as the characteristics of external control and validity of Internet idleness motivation. The results of this study show that: (1) The self-designed graduate student's Internet idle behavior motivation scale consists of 17 items, including five dimensions: hobby development, social interaction, task avoidance, physical and mental adjustment and network temptation. (2) The self-designed graduate student's Internet idle behavior motivation scale has good reliability and validity, and can be used as a tool for graduate students. (3) Male and female students did not show significant differences in the time of Internet idle behavior, but male and female students took different specific activities in Internet idle behavior. The main activity of male graduate students in Internet idle behavior was playing games. And watching news, the main activities of female graduate students are online shopping and social chat. The scores of students in urban areas were significantly higher than those in rural areas, and there was no significant difference between different grades in the motivation level of postgraduates'Internet idle behavior. (5) Task avoidance, physical and mental adjustment and Internet temptation in the motivation of postgraduates' Internet idle behavior. Motivation plays a partial mediating role between external control trait and Internet addiction tendency.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.2

【参考文献】