“兴于诗”:儒家君子人格养成的逻辑起点——孔子文学教育思想探论之一
发布时间：2018-08-24 18:52
【摘要】：孔子所云“兴于诗,立于礼,成于乐”,前人有过许多讨论,理解各不相同,以程颐、朱熹之说影响最大。然而,将此章理解为“大学终身所得之难易先后浅深”,也仍义有未洽。“诗”、“礼”、“乐”无论在学校教学还是在文化生活中,并没有难易之分,先后之次,深浅之别,三者原本相互配合、相须为用。传世文献里的“诗”、“礼”、“乐”其实有两个层面,一是“数术”层面,一是“义理”层面。作为“数术”层面的“诗”,不仅包括《诗》文本,也包括用于歌咏的声乐、器乐和指导诗、乐的礼仪。而“义理”层面的“诗”,不能局限于诗义,而应该是全部“新六艺”所体现的君子之“志”。这种“志”既包含了意志,也包含了情感,可以是“见贤思齐”的好善之德,也可以是“见不善而知自省”的恶恶之心。这是学者“立身成德”的第一步,是基础,也是起始,《诗》则是实现这一起始目标的代表性媒介。因此,“兴于诗”是孔子对弟子进行人格培养的起始路径,它既是孔子的教育思想,也是孔子的文学观念,同时又是儒家君子人格养成的逻辑起点。
[Abstract]:As Confucius said, "in poetry, in rites, in joy", there have been many discussions and different understandings, with Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi having the greatest influence. However, the meaning of this chapter is still unclear. "Poetry", "ritual", "music" in school teaching or in cultural life, there is no easy division, the order, the depth of the difference, the three originally cooperate with each other, the use of each other. In fact, there are two levels of poetry, ritual and music in the literature, one is the level of numeracy, the other is the level of righteousness. As a level of numeracy, poetry includes not only the text of poetry, but also vocal music, instrumental music and the etiquette of guiding poems and music. "Poetry" at the level of "justice and reason" should not be confined to poetic meaning, but should be the "will" of the gentleman embodied in all the "new six arts". This kind of will includes the will as well as the emotion. It can be the good virtue of the wise and the evil heart of knowing the bad and introspecting. This is the first step, foundation and beginning of scholars'"forming virtue", and poem is the representative medium to achieve this initial goal. Therefore, "exhilarating in poetry" is the starting path for Confucius to cultivate his disciples' personality. It is not only Confucius' educational thought, but also Confucius' literary concept, and the logical starting point for the cultivation of Confucian gentleman's personality at the same time.
【作者单位】： 华中师范大学文学院;
【分类号】：I206.2
本文编号：2201721
[Abstract]:As Confucius said, "in poetry, in rites, in joy", there have been many discussions and different understandings, with Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi having the greatest influence. However, the meaning of this chapter is still unclear. "Poetry", "ritual", "music" in school teaching or in cultural life, there is no easy division, the order, the depth of the difference, the three originally cooperate with each other, the use of each other. In fact, there are two levels of poetry, ritual and music in the literature, one is the level of numeracy, the other is the level of righteousness. As a level of numeracy, poetry includes not only the text of poetry, but also vocal music, instrumental music and the etiquette of guiding poems and music. "Poetry" at the level of "justice and reason" should not be confined to poetic meaning, but should be the "will" of the gentleman embodied in all the "new six arts". This kind of will includes the will as well as the emotion. It can be the good virtue of the wise and the evil heart of knowing the bad and introspecting. This is the first step, foundation and beginning of scholars'"forming virtue", and poem is the representative medium to achieve this initial goal. Therefore, "exhilarating in poetry" is the starting path for Confucius to cultivate his disciples' personality. It is not only Confucius' educational thought, but also Confucius' literary concept, and the logical starting point for the cultivation of Confucian gentleman's personality at the same time.
【作者单位】： 华中师范大学文学院;
【分类号】：I206.2
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，本文编号：2201721
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