湘西州农村留守儿童忽视状况及其与心理健康的关系研究

发布时间：2018-09-14 13:46

【摘要】：背景:作为当今儿童伤害四大类型(身体虐待、情感虐待、性虐待和忽视)之一的儿童忽视,已成为全世界涉及面最广、影响率最高的一类。生命早期的忽视容易损害儿童的正常生长发育,严重者可导致死亡;持续的忽视则会对儿童身体、认知及行为表现带来极大影响,这些深远影响所带来的后果是不可逆的。即处于心智未熟阶段的儿童遭遇留守与忽视的处境,长时间无法得到父母的关爱,精神及心灵上也无法得到慰藉从而形成的巨大反差,使得他们内心极易产生焦虑、恐慌、孤独与渴盼,从而诱发出逃学、自杀、犯罪等一系列危险行为,尤其处于少数民族地区的农村留守儿童情况更为堪忧。目的:本研究以湘西州农村留守儿童忽视为逻辑起点,分析不同性别、民族、学段农村留守儿童忽视状况,并对其状况进行影响因素分析,同时了解农村留守儿童心理健康现状,探讨出各层面忽视状况与心理健康之间的关系,从而丰富相关研究领域,促进农村留守儿童身心健康发展。方法:本研究主要运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、心理测量法、专家访谈法和数理统计法,采取分层整群随机抽样方法,依据调查对象纳入标准,筛选出符合“农村留守儿童”标准的作为本文研究对象。结果:(1)湘西州土家族、苗族农村留守儿童总忽视状况存在显著性差异,在六个忽视层面中除医疗忽视外,土家族、苗族农村留守儿童在其它五个忽视层面上均具有显著性差异;不同性别方面:男女生总忽视状况无统计学意义,但男女生在情感、教育忽视层面上存在显著性差异;不同学段方面:初高中生总忽视状况具有统计学意义,且在六个忽视层面上均具有显著性差异。(2)湘西州农村留守儿童忽视状况多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:身体忽视的危险因素主要有独立房间(OR=2.036,P=0.000)等,保护因素主要有校内住宿(OR=0.631,P=0.007)等。情感忽视的危险因素主要有与父亲关系(好OR=4.273,P=0.000、较好OR=3.062,P=0.002);教育忽视的危险因素主要有与母亲关系(好OR=2.769,P=0.005)等,保护因素主要有初中生(OR=0.470,P=0.000)等;安全忽视的危险因素主要有独立房间(OR=1.412,P=0.022)等,保护因素主要有初中生(OR=0.484,P=0.000);医疗忽视的危险因素主要有父母之间关系(好OR=2.434,P=0.005),保护因素主要有独生子女(OR=0.405,P=0.003)等;社会忽视的保护因素主要有父母收入减少(OR=0.646,P=0.007);总忽视的危险因素主要有独立房间(OR=1.720,P=0.001)等,保护因素主要有家庭月收入1000元以下(OR=0.565,P=0.034)等。(3)湘西州农村留守儿童仅在心理健康的情绪维度中存在性别差异,初高中生在心理健康的五个维度中均无显著性差异;土家族与苗族农村留守儿童在心理健康的五个维度中均不存在显著性差异。(4)湘西州农村留守儿童各层面忽视率、忽视度与心理健康各维度存在显著正相关。受到身体忽视的农村留守儿童在心理认知维度中存在性别差异,在思想、情绪和意志维度中存在民族差异,在思想和情绪维度中存在学段差异;受到情感忽视的农村留守儿童在心理情绪、个性维度中存在学段差异;受到安全忽视的农村留守儿童在心理认知维度中存在性别差异,在认知、思想维度中存在学段差异;受到医疗忽视的农村留守儿童在心理思想、情绪维度中存在学段差异;受到情感、教育、安全、医疗、社会忽视的农村留守儿童均在心理意志维度中存在民族差异。结论与建议:湘西州土家族与苗族男生易受到情感忽视,女生易受到身体忽视、教育忽视和社会忽视;高中生易受到教育忽视、安全忽视、医疗忽视、社会忽视,学习成绩差、有独立房间、学段和性别成为多种忽视行为的危险因素。湘西州农村留守儿童各层面忽视率、忽视度度均与心理健康各维度存在着显著正相关。建议充分发挥社会、政府的支持管理职能,加强农村留守儿童的家庭干预,积极引导农村留守儿童转变自身观念,给予合理的心理健康指导,养成良好的体育锻炼行为等。
[Abstract]:BACKGROUND: Child neglect, as one of the four major types of child injury (physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse and neglect), has become the most widespread and influential category in the world. Early neglect of life tends to damage the normal growth and development of children, and serious cases can lead to death; persistent neglect can lead to physical and cognitive impairment of children. The consequences of these far-reaching effects are irreversible, that is, children in the mental immaturity stage are left behind and neglected, unable to receive the care of their parents for a long time, and unable to obtain spiritual and spiritual comfort resulting in a huge contrast, which makes them prone to anxiety and fear. Panic, loneliness and thirst lead to a series of dangerous behaviors such as truancy, suicide and crime, especially the situation of left-behind children in rural areas of ethnic minority areas is more worrying. To analyze the influencing factors and to explore the relationship between neglect and mental health of left-behind children in rural areas, so as to enrich the relevant research fields and promote the healthy development of left-behind children in rural areas. Results: (1) There was a significant difference in the total neglect of rural left-behind children between Tujia and Miao nationalities in Xiangxi, except medical neglect, among the six levels of neglect. There are significant differences in the other five levels of neglect between the left-behind children of the ethnic minority and the Miao nationality in rural areas; gender differences: there is no statistical significance in the total neglect of boys and girls, but there is a significant difference in the emotional and educational neglect of boys and girls; in different stages: the total neglect of junior and senior high school students is statistically significant, and in the six levels of neglect. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the main risk factors of physical neglect were independent rooms (OR = 2.036, P = 0.000), and the main protective factors were in-school accommodation (OR = 0.631, P = 0.007). The main risk factors of emotional neglect were father relationship (OR = 4). 273, P = 0.000, better OR = 3.062, P = 0.002; risk factors of educational neglect are mainly related to the mother (good OR = 2.769, P = 0.005), and protective factors are mainly junior high school students (OR = 0.470, P = 0.000); risk factors of safety neglect are mainly independent rooms (OR = 1.412, P = 0.022), protective factors are mainly junior high school students (OR = 0.484, P = 0.000); medical neglect. The main risk factors were the relationship between parents (good OR = 2.434, P = 0.005), the main protective factors were the only child (OR = 0.405, P = 0.003), the main protective factors of social neglect were the decrease of parents'income (OR = 0.646, P = 0.007), the main risk factors of total neglect were independent rooms (OR = 1.720, P = 0.001), and the main protective factors were the monthly income of the family of 1000 yuan. The following (OR = 0.565, P = 0.034) and so on. (3) The left-behind children in rural areas of Xiangxi had gender differences only in the emotional dimension of mental health, and there was no significant difference in the five dimensions of mental health between junior and senior middle school students; there was no significant difference in the five dimensions of mental health between Tujia and Miao left-behind children in rural areas. (4) There was no significant difference in the five dimensions of mental health between the left-behind children in rural areas of Xiangxi There is a significant positive correlation between neglect rate and mental health of left-behind children at all levels. Children in the psychological emotions, personality dimensions of school differences; by security neglect of rural left-behind children in the psychological cognitive dimension of gender differences, in the cognitive, ideological dimension of school differences; by medical neglect of rural left-behind children in the psychological thinking, emotional dimension of school differences; by emotional, educational, safety, and so on. Conclusion and Suggestions: Men of Tujia and Miao nationalities in Xiangxi are easy to be emotionally neglected, girls are easy to be physically neglected, education is neglected and society is neglected; high school students are easy to be neglected by education, safety, medical care, society and poor academic performance. The neglect rate and degree of neglect of left-behind children in rural areas of Xiangxi are positively correlated with each dimension of mental health. Children change their own concepts, give reasonable mental health guidance, and develop good physical exercise behavior.
【学位授予单位】：吉首大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G444

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