民国时期书法入门阶段教材研究

发布时间：2018-11-08 10:24

【摘要】：民国作为特殊的历史阶段,在包括书法教材发展在内的书法教育方面具有历史经验,值得我们深入研究和思考,有助于我们在新时期的大环境下学习和借鉴。本文以民国的书法教育状况为背景,从民国书法教育理念、模式、发展走势等方面对民国入门阶段的书法教材的建设状况进行了探析,发现民国书法教科书主要是习字教育,是建立在识字教育的基础之上,其教学目标是追求书写的规整性与熟练度以适应社会生产需要而不同于传统书法教育在书法技法上有更高要求,达到科举或者成为个人作为专长技能的标准。这体现出民国时期书法教育和传统书法教育理念的不同。对民国书法入门阶段教材演变发展情况进行梳理,是本文重点内容。我们发现,民国书法教材的建设和发展受到多方面因素的影响:1.审定制与国定制并行的教材制度,教材编写不能得到政府有力的投入与保障,在形成相对宽松自由教材编写环境同时,也造成了绝大多数的书法教材的编写主要由各大私营书商主持的局面,使得各地的教材质量参差不齐。2.民国时期存在不同类型的书法教育形式。学校教学使用的书法教材不仅受制于国家教育行政部门的出台的各类制度,还会因社会需求的变化而受到影响;私塾教育延续前代的教育模式,对教材的要求并没有新的变化;书家教授、家学传承等书法教育模式下的书法教材的使用则并无定式,主要依据书法学习流派为主轴选择风格性较强的教材。从历史的角度看,民国的书法教材的主要贡献表现在:第一,建立了现代书法教材的基本架构。第二,强化了将儿童识字和习字教学相结合教育理念。第三,广泛地采用析字合成的教学步骤,提高了分类字帖的编写质量,使之更加规范化。以史为鉴,我们从民国入门阶段的书法教材也得到了一些启示:首先,书法教材的编写内容与学生的识字教学内容应具有同步性。由于现在的学生会存在繁简体转换不顺畅的情况,所以在入门阶段,我们应尽量选用语文教学中出现过的传承字作为主要教学内容,然后逐步从简入繁,以减轻识字记忆的负担。其次,当代书法名家参与到面向基础教育的书法教材建设活动中来,以期提升书法教材编写专业度和科学性。最后,我们应该看到民国书法教材以模仿为主的不足,建议在当下的基础教育教材中多增加一些诱发儿童创作兴趣的内容及一些书法方面的创作常识。
[Abstract]:As a special historical stage, the Republic of China has historical experience in calligraphy education, including the development of calligraphy teaching materials, which is worthy of our in-depth study and reflection, and is helpful for us to learn and learn from in the great environment of the new era. Based on the situation of calligraphy education in the Republic of China, this paper probes into the construction of calligraphy teaching materials in the entry stage of the Republic of China from the aspects of the concept, mode and development trend of calligraphy education in the Republic of China, and finds that the calligraphy textbooks of the Republic of China are mainly about character learning. It is based on the literacy education, and its teaching goal is to pursue the regularity and proficiency of writing in order to meet the needs of social production, but different from the traditional calligraphy education has higher requirements in calligraphy techniques. To meet the standard of imperial examination or to become an individual as a professional skill. This reflects the difference between calligraphy education and traditional calligraphy education in the Republic of China. It is the key content of this paper to sort out the evolution and development of the textbooks in the introductory stage of calligraphy in the Republic of China. We find that the construction and development of calligraphy textbooks in the Republic of China are affected by many factors: 1. The system of teaching materials in parallel with the national customization, the compilation of textbooks can not be effectively invested and guaranteed by the government. At the same time, it forms a relatively loose and free environment for the compilation of textbooks. Also caused the vast majority of calligraphy textbooks, mainly by the major private booksellers presided over the situation, so that the quality of teaching materials are uneven. 2. 2. There were different types of calligraphy education in the period of the Republic of China. The calligraphy textbooks used in school teaching are not only restricted by the various systems issued by the national educational administration department, but also affected by the changes in social demands. The use of calligraphy teaching materials under the calligraphy education mode such as calligraphy education mode, such as calligraphy teaching, is not fixed, but is mainly based on the calligraphy learning school as the main axis to select teaching materials with strong style. From the historical point of view, the main contributions of calligraphy textbooks of the Republic of China are as follows: first, the basic framework of modern calligraphy textbooks has been established. Second, strengthen the concept of combining literacy and character learning. Thirdly, the teaching steps of synthesizing Chinese characters are widely adopted to improve the writing quality of classified characters and make them more standardized. Taking history as a mirror, we also get some enlightenment from the calligraphy teaching materials in the introductory stage of the Republic of China: firstly, the contents of calligraphy textbooks should be synchronized with the students' literacy teaching contents. Due to the fact that the conversion of traditional Chinese characters is not smooth in the current students' Union, we should try our best to select the inherited characters in Chinese teaching as the main teaching contents in the introductory stage, and then gradually simplify them into complex ones. To lighten the burden of literacy and memory. Secondly, contemporary calligraphers participate in the construction of calligraphy textbooks for basic education, in order to improve the professional and scientific writing of calligraphy textbooks. Finally, we should see the shortage of imitating calligraphy textbooks in the Republic of China, and suggest that we should add more contents to children's creative interest and some calligraphy creative common sense in the current basic education textbooks.
【学位授予单位】：淮北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G529;J292.1-4

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