安徽省城乡义务教育服务均衡发展研究

发布时间：2018-12-31 21:54

【摘要】：中国长期存在的城乡二元体制使得农村的发展远落后于城镇,教育内部的二元结构,也使农村义务教育在办学水平、师资配置、教育质量等方面远落后于城镇。我国十三五规划明确提出,要实现城乡协调发展新格局,提高公共服务普惠、共享及均衡水平,解决人民最迫切关心的现实问题,把个人发展能力放在突出位置,而建设人力资本强国的关键在于教育,教育的繁荣是民族昌盛的根基,少年强则国强,义务教育在整个教育体系中起基础作用,实现义务教育服务的公平与均衡发展尤为重要。2010年安徽省被国家列为推进义务教育均衡发展的试点地区之一。多年来,安徽省在实现城乡义务教育服务均衡发展方面,既取得了显著成果,也仍存在一些突出问题,这些问题的出现与安徽省的省情密切相关,同时也受社会制度、经济以及政治等一系列因素变迁的影响,广大农村及贫困偏远地区的义务教育资源远不如发达的城市。因此,如何准确评估安徽省城乡义务教育服务均衡发展的程度并分析其制约原因,进而提出针对性的策略具有非常重要的现实意义,在厘清构建公平且规范的义务教育服务均衡发展思路的同时为其它地区提供重要的参考借鉴。本文在相关文献梳理、概念界定以及理论分析的基础上,通过泰尔指数与变异系数法两种分析工具对2008—2015年间安徽省城市和农村义务教育阶段的办学条件、师资水平、生源情况以及义务教育经费等数据进行了横向与纵向的比较分析,有针对性的评估安徽省城乡义务教育服务均衡发展现状,找出安徽省城乡中小学在发展过程中存在的问题以及产生差距的原因,得出导致安徽省城乡义务教育服务非均衡的四方面原因:经济原因;制度原因;资源配置的原因;法律监督与评价体系的原因,并在此基础上提出推进安徽省城乡义务教育服务均衡发展的政策建议:促进城乡经济一体化发展;构建合理的义务教育财政体制;合理配置城乡义务教育资源;建立全方位的监督体系。
[Abstract]:China's long-standing urban-rural dual system makes the development of rural areas far behind the development of cities and towns, the dual structure of education, but also makes rural compulsory education in the level of running schools, teacher allocation, educational quality and other aspects far behind the town. The 13th Five-Year Plan of our country clearly stated that it is necessary to realize a new pattern of coordinated development between urban and rural areas, to improve the level of universal access to public services, to share and balance public services, to solve the practical problems of the most urgent concern of the people, and to put the ability of individual development in a prominent position. The key to building a powerful country in human capital lies in education, the prosperity of education is the foundation of national prosperity, and the youth is strong, and compulsory education plays a fundamental role in the entire education system. It is very important to realize the fair and balanced development of compulsory education service. In 2010, Anhui Province was listed as one of the pilot areas to promote the balanced development of compulsory education. Over the years, Anhui Province has achieved remarkable results in achieving balanced development of compulsory education services in urban and rural areas, but there are still some outstanding problems. These problems are closely related to the situation in Anhui Province and are also subject to the social system. Influenced by a series of factors, such as economy and politics, the resources of compulsory education in rural areas and poor and remote areas are far less than those in developed cities. Therefore, how to accurately assess the level of balanced development of compulsory education services in urban and rural areas in Anhui Province, analyze the reasons for its constraints, and then put forward targeted strategies has a very important practical significance. In order to clarify the construction of a fair and standardized compulsory education service balanced development ideas for other regions to provide an important reference. On the basis of literature review, concept definition and theoretical analysis, this paper analyzes the school conditions and teachers' level of compulsory education in urban and rural areas of Anhui Province from 2008 to 2015 by means of Tyr index and coefficient of variation. The situation of students and compulsory education funds are compared and analyzed horizontally and vertically to evaluate the balanced development of compulsory education services in urban and rural areas of Anhui Province. To find out the problems existing in the development of primary and rural primary and secondary schools in Anhui Province and the causes of the gap, and to find out the four reasons leading to the imbalance of compulsory education services in urban and rural areas in Anhui Province: economic reasons; The system reasons, the reasons of resource allocation, the reasons of legal supervision and evaluation system, and the policy suggestions of promoting the balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education service in Anhui Province are put forward on the basis of which: to promote the integration of urban and rural economy; To construct a reasonable financial system of compulsory education, to allocate urban and rural compulsory education resources rationally, and to establish a comprehensive supervision system.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G522.3

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