美国对学生教育资料的规范化使用及其启示

发布时间：2019-01-09 10:45

【摘要】：法律要确保学生教育资料免遭教育机构、第三方的不当公开,同时也要为必要且合理的公开设定门槛。学生及家长对其教育资料享有知悉权、允许教育机构向第三方披露的同意权、更正权、监督与救济权。依据使用受限程度的不同,美国学生的教育资料分为个人可识别信息、教育信息、目录信息三种。目录信息可供教育机构和第三方随意使用,个人可识别信息非本人或者家长许可不得使用。教育信息的使用是否要受到学生及家长的同意,取决于两项判断标准:教育信息是否直接涉及学生的教育情况;教育信息是否由教育机构所掌握。其中,受学生与家长控制的一部分教育信息包括:与学籍管理有关的个人可识别信息;直接涉及学生的教育情况、且由教育机构掌握的学生成绩评量、管教辅导资料;教职工私人对未成年学生的心理健康记录;用于监测教学质量、提升学习效果的教师监视器影像等。
[Abstract]:The law ensures that student education materials are not improperly disclosed by educational institutions, third parties, and must set the threshold for necessary and reasonable disclosure. Students and parents have the right to know their educational materials, to allow educational institutions to disclose to third parties the right to consent, correction, supervision and relief rights. According to the degree of limited use, American students' educational data can be divided into three types: personal identifiable information, educational information and catalog information. Catalog information can be used by educational institutions and third parties at will. Personal identifiable information is not permitted by individual or parents. Whether the use of educational information should be agreed by students and parents depends on two criteria: whether educational information is directly related to the educational situation of students and whether educational information is controlled by educational institutions. Among them, part of the educational information controlled by students and parents includes: personal identifiable information related to student status management; Personal mental health records of minor students, teachers' monitor images used to monitor teaching quality and improve learning effect.
【作者单位】：华东理工大学法学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金青年项目“行政调查取证制度的规范化研究”(项目编号:13CFX036)的中期成果
【分类号】：G571.2

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