“教”字的形义演变及其教育史意义

发布时间：2019-03-27 19:42

【摘要】：考查"教"的字形字源发现,甲骨文"教"字右侧字形的意义在古文字学界尚无定论,存在辨为"父"字的可能;较之"攴"字,"子、文、心、言、音、玄"等字作为篆体字"教"字的右侧偏旁所带来的文化启示,与先秦儒道经典之中的"教育"意义关联性更强。从教育史视角考查,"教"的内容和制度经历了从"爻"之教到"孝"之教的变化。先秦时期"爻"之教的内容包括了万物的变化规律和信息交流,而两汉之后的"孝"之教则反映了教育内容的伦理化、狭隘化和教育制度的政治化。考查和还原"教"之本义,启示了中国教育学需要突破旧教育史观的束缚,引入活泼生动的文化学视角,重视文字和经典的独特作用,从而不断深入探究完整的文化基因,使之成为支撑当代中国文化和教育走向复兴的源头活水。
[Abstract]:It is found that the meaning of the right character of the word "Dao" in oracle bone inscriptions is inconclusive in the field of ancient Chinese characters, and it is possible to distinguish the word "father" from the word "father". Compared with the characters such as "Shi", "Zi, Wen, Xin, Yan, Yin, Xuan" and so on, the cultural enlightenment brought by the right side of the word "teaching" in seal style is more relevant to the meaning of "education" in the classics of Confucianism and Taoism in the pre-Qin Dynasty. From the perspective of educational history, the content and system of "teaching" has undergone changes from "Yao" to "filial piety". In the pre-Qin period, the content of the "Yao" teaching included the changing law of all things and the exchange of information, while the "filial piety" teaching after the Han Dynasty reflected the ethics, parochialization and politicization of the educational system. By examining and restoring the original meaning of "teaching", it is enlightened that Chinese pedagogy needs to break through the fetters of the old educational historical outlook, introduce a lively and vivid cultural perspective, and attach importance to the unique role of words and classics, thus continuously exploring the complete cultural genes. Make it a source to support the revival of contemporary Chinese culture and education.
【作者单位】：首都师范大学初等教育学院;北京师范大学中文信息处理研究所;
【基金】：2015年度北京市优秀人才青年骨干个人培养资助项目“国学经典教育的基本理论研究”(项目编号:203165401403) 首都师范大学青年科研创新团队资助项目的阶段性成果
【分类号】：G529

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