美国学校教育反思:世界主义和社会排斥的视角

发布时间：2017-12-27 11:07

本文关键词：美国学校教育反思:世界主义和社会排斥的视角　出处：《教育学报》2010年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：长期以来,在美国学校教育中高扬的"世界主义"(cosmopolitanism)原则,即超越传统民族国家忠诚归属界限,带有普世价值的全球公民意识,被认为是推动社会和个人进步的重要思想,进入学校课程系统,贯穿于教学实践的各个环节。理性与合理性精神、时间概念的转变和进步主义思想的推动,使得世界主义在美国公立学校教育中长久不衰。它以改造儿童的方式推动社会变革,对人文学科,特别是教育学、心理学产生了深刻影响;同时,世界主义又是一个主张包容、却推行社会排斥的系统,主要体现在:它通过问题解决、赋权原则、自由解放、言论开放和选择权利等手段,引导儿童的成长;但又对学校教育中的学生进行分类,以换喻、分类等方式,塑造不同类型的学生。终身学习概念的提倡和为了"一切儿童"的口号,都反映了其中蕴含的比较思维方式在追求平等同时,又在制造新的不平等,造成抑斥的状态。体现了世界主义原则通过创塑儿童来改造社会的双重特征。
[Abstract]:For a long time, high school education in the United States in the "cosmopolitanism" (cosmopolitanism) principle is the transcendence of the traditional national loyalty ownership boundaries, with the universal value of global citizenship, is considered to promote the important thought of social and personal progress, into the school curriculum system, throughout all aspects of teaching practice. The spirit of rationality and rationality, the change of the concept of time and the promotion of progressive ideology have made the cosmopolitanism in the public school education in the United States long lasting. It is to transform the way children promote social change of the humanities, especially education and psychology has a profound impact; at the same time, it is a system of cosmopolitanism advocates tolerance, but the implementation of social exclusion, mainly reflected in: it solves, empowerment principles, freedom and liberation, and choose the right means of opening remarks by to guide the growth of children, but also to classify; school education of the students, the classification of metonymy, etc., the shape of different types of students. The advocacy of lifelong learning concept and the slogan of "all children" reflect their comparative thinking in pursuit of equality while creating new inequalities, resulting in a state of repulsion. It embodies the dual characteristics of the principle of cosmopolitanism through the creation of children to transform the society.
【作者单位】：威斯康辛大学麦迪逊分校;北京师范大学教育学部;
【分类号】：G571.2
【正文快照】： 尽管表述方式不同,美国教育发展史和教育社会学著作常常提到:美国学校教育大众化的历程是一部曲曲折折培养全民共和与民主理念的历史,它讲述了现代学校体现出的社会、知识和教育思想的变化。这种现代性主要表现为:经过学校教育,具有民主思想的社会群体日益壮大;具有专业水平

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