复杂理论视阈下的教育政策执行研究
发布时间：2018-08-24 19:59
【摘要】： 长久以来,受现代科学理性的影响,在教育政策执行的研究中,不少学者惯于“简化处理”的思维路线,过于强调执行规律的“真理性”,追求揭示执行诸要素之间的必然联系,在探寻教育政策失败原因和结果的关系时,忽略用多元化的信念来解明教育政策执行的复杂性。然而,对于极其复杂的教育政策执行,是无法用简单的眼光来打量与把握的。随着我国步入社会转型期,一些长期困扰教育政策执行的问题愈发凸显出来,它们所表现出来的复杂过程和复杂程度,是根本不能用简单性和简单方法进行描述和处理的。在追求精简的教育政策执行经常性失灵的情况下,后现代政策运动已意识到,传统的简单化思维方式在解读教育政策执行问题时突然显得那样的力不从心。因此,有必要运用多元的、综合化的复杂性范式,把影响教育政策执行的相关要素,都纳入到教育政策执行复杂系统之中来加以思考,以达到对于教育政策执行复杂性的完整性把握。 兴起于20世纪70年代的复杂理论,为我们研究教育政策执行的复杂性开辟了一条蹊径。复杂性科学方法论启发我们,从简单思维走向复杂性思维,这是研究教育政策执行复杂性的思维门径。教育政策过程的形态不应该是过去人们所认为的“线性的控制”,而应该是“弹性的修正”。教育政策执行过程中充满着不可预测的变量,对这些变量进行科学的分析应该提到教育管理学者的议事日程上来。为此,本研究以“复杂理论视阈下的教育政策执行研究”作为博士论文的选题,尝试在复杂理论的视阈下对教育政策执行的复杂性展开研究。用复杂性思维来重新认识教育政策执行的复杂性,从复杂理论与教育政策执行联结的维度,对教育政策执行的复杂性研究作出一次个人的自觉有限回应。力图通过扎实的研究综合考查教育政策执行的主体、客体和内容等变量,以及这些变量之间的联系和规律性,对教育政策执行的复杂性予以揭示；在强调教育政策执行复杂性的基础上,以复杂理论为工具来分析社会转型期教育政策执行存在的问题,并提出弱化和驾驭教育政策执行复杂性的策议,为我国教育政策执行研究注入新的气息。 论文由八部分组成,分别是引论,文献综述,复杂性笼罩下的我国农民工子女教育政策问题,新课改政策执行现状透视,一种研究教育政策执行的新视阈：复杂理论引介,教育政策执行复杂性分析,驾驭教育政策执行复杂性的策略,结语。论文在个案剖析的基础上,主要在以下方面进行了分析和讨论。 第一、提出了“教育政策执行简单抑或复杂?”“思维变与不变”的设问,这是教育政策执行复杂性研究的逻辑前提。论文通过对农民工子女教育政策问题和新课改政策执行个案的实然分析,透过影响教育政策执行效率的因素认识复杂性,解析复杂性；将影响教育政策实现的复杂性因素及其作用归纳整合,使它们之间的联系呈现出来。笔者认为,教育政策执行是一个复杂且具有高度权变性的现象,它包括了相互依赖性,选择程度和行为改变等多种组成部分；教育政策执行系统结构一直处于不稳定的波动状态,凸显了一种复杂的立体网络状连接关系。单凭简单性研究是难以把握的,必须运用复杂性思维,全面、深刻地理解。 第二、引介一种研究教育政策复杂性的新视阈——复杂理论,为用复杂性思维研究教育政策执行复杂性奠定理论基础。笔者认为,以复杂性思想为指导、运用复杂科学的原理研究教育政策执行复杂性,这正好适应了教育政策执行本身的复杂现象。在目前学术文献尚缺的情况下,走进复杂理论,加深了学界对教育政策执行不稳定性、不可预测的随机性的认识；这将有助于我们克服简单性思维的桎梏,从宏观上理清教育政策执行复杂性研究思路,从整体上把握教育政策执行系统的复杂性,进而分析、归纳出有效的对策和方法,指导教育政策执行复杂性研究和各项具体的教育政策执行实践活动。 第三、运用复杂理论重新阐释教育政策执行的复杂性。为什么教育政策执行是一种复杂的现象?笔者认为,除了政策执行技术细节的问题,影响其运作更主要的方面是作为政策系统的复杂性问题,而这是在实际操作过程中难以预见和解决的问题。这并非是由教育政策执行的特性得出的反面推断,而是执行过程表现出的不确定性、涌现性等多种因素合力作用的结果。复杂理论视阈下的教育政策执行中的复杂性问题,更多的是指教育政策执行系统的多因素性、多层次性、多变性以及相互作用所形成的整体行为和演化。 第四、将研究视角与复杂性问题进行衔接,来关注教育政策执行复杂性形成的条件,包括中介物、共同活动的环境,以及在这一共同环境中各主体之间相互影响的方式,在应然的层面上探索应用复杂理论解决教育政策执行复杂性问题的途径。通过对教育政策执行复杂性的涌现和自组织临界态的分析,笔者尝试性地提出了弱化和驾驭教育政策执行复杂性的策略：其一,将教育政策执行系统理解为复杂适应系统,在教育政策链的联系中弱化复杂性；其二,把复杂性作为创新和改进的一种激励因素,在学校的变革中驾驭复杂性。
[Abstract]:For a long time, under the influence of modern scientific rationality, many scholars have been accustomed to the thinking line of "simplifying treatment", over-emphasizing the "truth" of the law of implementation, pursuing to reveal the inevitable links between the elements of implementation, neglecting to use pluralism in exploring the relationship between the causes and results of the failure of educational policies. However, it is impossible to judge and grasp the implementation of extremely complex educational policies with a simple view. As China enters the period of social transformation, some problems that have long plagued the implementation of educational policies have become increasingly prominent. The complex process and complexity they show is the root. The post-modern policy movement has realized that the traditional simplified way of thinking suddenly appears to be so inadequate in interpreting the implementation of educational policies. Therefore, it is necessary to use pluralistic and comprehensive methods. In order to grasp the completeness of the implementation of educational policies, the complexity paradigm and the related factors affecting the implementation of educational policies should be incorporated into the complex system of the implementation of educational policies.
Complexity science methodology enlightens us from simple thinking to complex thinking, which is the thinking way to study the complexity of the implementation of educational policies. The implementation of educational policy is full of unpredictable variables. Scientific analysis of these variables should be put on the agenda of educational management scholars. This paper tries to study the complexity of the implementation of educational policy from the perspective of complex theory. It tries to re-recognize the complexity of the implementation of educational policy with complexity thinking, and to make a self-conscious limited response to the complexity of the implementation of educational policy from the dimension of the link between complex theory and the implementation of educational policy. The study comprehensively examines the variables such as the subject, object and content of the implementation of educational policies, and the relationship and regularity between these variables, revealing the complexity of the implementation of educational policies. It also puts forward some suggestions to weaken and control the complexity of the implementation of educational policies, which will inject new flavor into the study of the implementation of educational policies in China.
This paper is composed of eight parts: introduction, literature review, the problems of education policy for the children of migrant workers in China under the envelope of complexity, the perspective of the implementation of the new curriculum reform policy, a new perspective for the implementation of education policy: introduction of complex theory, analysis of the complexity of the implementation of education policy, strategies to control the complexity of the implementation of education policy, and conclusion. On the basis of case analysis, the paper mainly analyzes and discusses the following aspects.
Firstly, the paper puts forward the question of "simple or complex implementation of education policy?" "changeable thinking and unchangeable thinking", which is the logical premise of the study on the complexity of the implementation of education policy. In my opinion, the implementation of education policy is a complex and highly authoritative phenomenon, which includes many components, such as interdependence, degree of choice and behavioral change. The structure of the policy execution system has been in an unstable state of fluctuation, highlighting a complex three-dimensional network-like connection. Simplicity alone is difficult to grasp, and complex thinking must be used to comprehensively and profoundly understand.
Secondly, this paper introduces a new perspective to study the complexity of educational policy-complex theory, which lays a theoretical foundation for studying the complexity of educational policy implementation with complexity thinking. Complex phenomena. In the absence of academic literature, entering into the complex theory deepens the academia's understanding of the instability and unpredictable randomness of the implementation of educational policies; this will help us overcome the shackles of simplicity of thinking, clarify the research ideas of the complexity of the implementation of educational policies from a macroscopic perspective, and grasp the educational policies as a whole. The complexity of the implementation system is further analyzed and effective countermeasures and methods are concluded to guide the study of the implementation complexity of educational policies and the implementation of specific educational policies.
Thirdly, the complexity of the implementation of educational policy is reinterpreted by using the complex theory. Why is the implementation of educational policy a complicated phenomenon? In my opinion, apart from the technical details of policy implementation, the more important aspect that affects its operation is the complexity of the policy system, which is difficult to predict and reconcile in the actual operation process. This is not the reverse inference from the characteristics of the implementation of educational policies, but the result of the combined action of uncertainties and emergencies in the implementation process. The overall behavior and evolution resulting from variability and interaction.
Fourthly, the paper links up the research perspective with the complexity issue to pay attention to the formation conditions of the complexity of the implementation of educational policies, including intermediaries, the environment of joint activities, and the way in which the subjects interact in this common environment, and explores the application of complex theory to solve the complexity of the implementation of educational policies at the proper level. Through the analysis of the emergence of the complexity of educational policy implementation and the critical state of self-organization, the author tries to put forward some strategies to weaken and control the complexity of educational policy implementation: first, to understand the educational policy implementation system as a complex adaptive system, and to weaken the complexity in the links between educational policy chains; second, to treat the complexity as a complexity An incentive for innovation and improvement to control complexity in school transformation.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：G40-011.8
本文编号：2201873
[Abstract]:For a long time, under the influence of modern scientific rationality, many scholars have been accustomed to the thinking line of "simplifying treatment", over-emphasizing the "truth" of the law of implementation, pursuing to reveal the inevitable links between the elements of implementation, neglecting to use pluralism in exploring the relationship between the causes and results of the failure of educational policies. However, it is impossible to judge and grasp the implementation of extremely complex educational policies with a simple view. As China enters the period of social transformation, some problems that have long plagued the implementation of educational policies have become increasingly prominent. The complex process and complexity they show is the root. The post-modern policy movement has realized that the traditional simplified way of thinking suddenly appears to be so inadequate in interpreting the implementation of educational policies. Therefore, it is necessary to use pluralistic and comprehensive methods. In order to grasp the completeness of the implementation of educational policies, the complexity paradigm and the related factors affecting the implementation of educational policies should be incorporated into the complex system of the implementation of educational policies.
Complexity science methodology enlightens us from simple thinking to complex thinking, which is the thinking way to study the complexity of the implementation of educational policies. The implementation of educational policy is full of unpredictable variables. Scientific analysis of these variables should be put on the agenda of educational management scholars. This paper tries to study the complexity of the implementation of educational policy from the perspective of complex theory. It tries to re-recognize the complexity of the implementation of educational policy with complexity thinking, and to make a self-conscious limited response to the complexity of the implementation of educational policy from the dimension of the link between complex theory and the implementation of educational policy. The study comprehensively examines the variables such as the subject, object and content of the implementation of educational policies, and the relationship and regularity between these variables, revealing the complexity of the implementation of educational policies. It also puts forward some suggestions to weaken and control the complexity of the implementation of educational policies, which will inject new flavor into the study of the implementation of educational policies in China.
This paper is composed of eight parts: introduction, literature review, the problems of education policy for the children of migrant workers in China under the envelope of complexity, the perspective of the implementation of the new curriculum reform policy, a new perspective for the implementation of education policy: introduction of complex theory, analysis of the complexity of the implementation of education policy, strategies to control the complexity of the implementation of education policy, and conclusion. On the basis of case analysis, the paper mainly analyzes and discusses the following aspects.
Firstly, the paper puts forward the question of "simple or complex implementation of education policy?" "changeable thinking and unchangeable thinking", which is the logical premise of the study on the complexity of the implementation of education policy. In my opinion, the implementation of education policy is a complex and highly authoritative phenomenon, which includes many components, such as interdependence, degree of choice and behavioral change. The structure of the policy execution system has been in an unstable state of fluctuation, highlighting a complex three-dimensional network-like connection. Simplicity alone is difficult to grasp, and complex thinking must be used to comprehensively and profoundly understand.
Secondly, this paper introduces a new perspective to study the complexity of educational policy-complex theory, which lays a theoretical foundation for studying the complexity of educational policy implementation with complexity thinking. Complex phenomena. In the absence of academic literature, entering into the complex theory deepens the academia's understanding of the instability and unpredictable randomness of the implementation of educational policies; this will help us overcome the shackles of simplicity of thinking, clarify the research ideas of the complexity of the implementation of educational policies from a macroscopic perspective, and grasp the educational policies as a whole. The complexity of the implementation system is further analyzed and effective countermeasures and methods are concluded to guide the study of the implementation complexity of educational policies and the implementation of specific educational policies.
Thirdly, the complexity of the implementation of educational policy is reinterpreted by using the complex theory. Why is the implementation of educational policy a complicated phenomenon? In my opinion, apart from the technical details of policy implementation, the more important aspect that affects its operation is the complexity of the policy system, which is difficult to predict and reconcile in the actual operation process. This is not the reverse inference from the characteristics of the implementation of educational policies, but the result of the combined action of uncertainties and emergencies in the implementation process. The overall behavior and evolution resulting from variability and interaction.
Fourthly, the paper links up the research perspective with the complexity issue to pay attention to the formation conditions of the complexity of the implementation of educational policies, including intermediaries, the environment of joint activities, and the way in which the subjects interact in this common environment, and explores the application of complex theory to solve the complexity of the implementation of educational policies at the proper level. Through the analysis of the emergence of the complexity of educational policy implementation and the critical state of self-organization, the author tries to put forward some strategies to weaken and control the complexity of educational policy implementation: first, to understand the educational policy implementation system as a complex adaptive system, and to weaken the complexity in the links between educational policy chains; second, to treat the complexity as a complexity An incentive for innovation and improvement to control complexity in school transformation.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：G40-011.8
【引证文献】
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7 于丹妮;复杂性科学视角下教育研究方法论变革探究[D];青海师范大学;2013年
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