冯玉祥教育思想研究
发布时间：2019-03-09 14:27
【摘要】： 民国时期,是中国近代历史上的重要转型时期。这一时期,政治斗争纷杂,军阀割据一方,经济衰败萧条。而在思想文化领域,大批知识分子和有志之士面对民族危机,国家危亡的时刻,纷纷提出自己的救国主张。其中教育救国论成为当时重要的社会思潮之一。教育救国论是伴随着新文化运动的兴起而兴起的。它随着资产阶级和小资产阶级知识分子的不断提倡,以及西方资产阶级的教育理念和教育思想的传入,在当时特殊的历史条件下,逐渐形成一股社会思潮。 冯玉祥是中国近代史上著名的政治和军事人物,对中华民族的历史产生过重要的影响。他戎马一生,爱国爱民。面对民族危亡的现状,他以自己的行动践行救国救民的道路。 冯玉祥出生于贫困的农村家庭,自幼饱受失学之苦,对难得的一年正式学校学习非常珍惜。在以后的军旅生涯中,冯玉祥坚持学习,孜孜不倦。每每看到失学儿童,他都会万分心痛。他对社会教育事业,尤其是农村教育事业给予了更多的关注。正是这种忧国忧民的思想情感驱使着冯玉祥投身教育事业。加上冯玉祥对西方基督教情有独钟。他认为,基督教有精神、爱心和希望三种力量,基督教的仁爱教义和儒家的思想具有一脉相承的作用。他认为宗教具有教育所不能达到的作用。所以冯玉祥在军事训练中,将基督教义在军中加以宣传。这些都是冯玉祥教育思想形成的基础和前提。 在教育的内容上,冯玉祥以爱国主义为主线,形成一套自己的教育理念。在军事教育中,坚持爱国主义精神,注重军队将领的表率作用,维护和平的治军原则,编辑各类小册教育士兵,搞好与下级士兵的关系；在教育原则上,坚持培养实用主义人才,注重科学与技术,培养合乎当时社会需要的人才；坚持德、智、体、群育,全面发展的教育方针,注重体育事业的发展,提倡集体主义教育；弘扬民族精神；强化职业教育,号召青年大学生以所学结合社会,做社会有用人才。弘扬民族精神,增强爱国主义情感,积极推行精神教育。创办各类以培养生存技能为目的的职业学校。提倡妇女解放,男女平等。女子不仅享有和男子一样的受教育权利和参与社会活动的权利,而且,妇女肩负治家和教育子女的责任。推行义务教育和平民教育。不仅包括贫困地区的失学儿童,也包括偏远地区少数民族的义务教育儿童。冯玉祥还对族人实行严格的家族教育,制定《冯氏族约》等供遵守,对子女教育以勤俭、朴素、民主、自由教育为本,但也十分严格。 在教育实践中,在军事训练及其创办的各类学校中,积极推行职业教育,让每一位学生都能掌握一技之长,在社会上可以自谋生路,为社会减轻负担；冯玉祥身体力行推行义务教育,在各地创办中小学,如武训小学、汾阳峪小学、园山小学等。创办女子培德学校,如先后在北京、南苑和通州军事驻扎地创办的女子培德学校,学校以女子勤劳、耐苦、管家、教子为美德教育,不仅如此,还教授工艺制作,让她们掌握一定的生存技能。 冯玉祥教育思想体现了教育思想的实用主义、服务社会、教育公平等原则,具有科学性和实用性的特点。但是由于受当时社会环境的影响,冯玉祥教育思想没有科学的系统性,突出反映在他在军事教育和爱国主义、实用主义的教育理念上。
[Abstract]:During the period of the Republic of China, it was an important transformation period in the modern history of China. During this period, the political struggle was complicated, the warlords were cut to one side, and the economy was in a depression. In the field of thought and culture, a large number of intellectuals and people with lofty ideals in the face of the crisis of the nation, the time of the country's crisis, have put forward their own national salvation. The theory of education and salvation has become one of the important social thoughts of the time. The theory of education and salvation has arisen with the rise of the new cultural movement. With the development of the bourgeoisie and the petty-bourgeois intellectuals, and the introduction of the western bourgeoisie's educational ideas and educational thoughts, it gradually formed a trend of social thought under the special historical conditions at that time. Feng Yuxiang is a well-known political and military figure in the modern history of China, which is of great importance to the history of the Chinese nation The influence. He's a life, love. In the face of the present situation of the nation's crisis, he practiced the rescue of the nation with his own actions The road. Feng Yu-xiang, born in poor rural families, has been suffering from out-of-school and has a rare one-year official study. The school study is very valuable. In the future military career, Feng Yuxiang insists Learning, indefatigable. Every time you see out-of-school children, He's all heartbroken. He's given the cause of social education, especially the cause of rural education. More attention has been paid to it. It is the thoughts and feelings of the worried people that drive Feng Yu To join in the cause of education. Add Feng Yuxiang to the West. Christianity has a single clock. He believes that Christianity has the spirit, the love and the hope of three kinds of power, the Christian principle of love and the thought of the Confucian. The role of a pulse. He believed that religion had an education. Therefore, Feng Yuxiang, in military training, will make a sense of Christianity Propaganda in the army. These are Feng Yuxiang's educational thought. On the content of education, Feng Yuxiang is the main line of patriotism. To form a set of own educational ideas, in the military education, to adhere to the spirit of patriotism, to pay attention to the table-rate role of the military commanders, to maintain the principle of the rule of law for the maintenance of peace, to edit all kinds of small-volume education soldiers and to do well the relationship with the lower-level soldiers, and in principle, to adhere to the cultivation of the practical master We should focus on the science and technology and train the talents that are in need of the society at that time; adhere to the educational policy of morality, intelligence, body, group and all-round development, pay attention to the development of the sports cause, promote the collectivism education, carry forward the national spirit, strengthen the vocational education, and call for the green In-year college students to learn the knot To promote the spirit of the nation and to enhance the patriotism The emotional and active promotion of the spirit education. A vocational school for the purpose of storing skills. To promote women's liberation and equality between men and women. Women are not only entitled to the right to education and to participate in social activities, as men and women, and that women's shoulders The responsibility of the negative governance and the education of children. The introduction of compulsory education and the education of civilians not only includes out-of-school children in poor areas, but also in remote areas The children of the compulsory education of the minority nationalities. Feng Yuxiang also carries out strict family education to the people, and develops the P. The education-oriented, but also very strict, in the education practice, in the military training and the various schools set up, the vocational education is carried out actively, so that every student can master the technical skills, and the society can self-benefit the way, to reduce the burden of the society; and Feng Yuxiang's practice to carry out compulsory education and to set up primary and secondary schools throughout the country, such as Wu The primary school, Fenyang Primary School, Yuanshan Primary School and so on. The establishment of the women's Peide school, such as the women's Peide School, which has been set up in Beijing, Nanyuan and Tongzhou, has been taught by women's hard-working, bitter, butler and godson. Making and making them master certain survival skills. Feng Yuxiang's education thought embodies the pragmatism, the service society and the education of the educational thought. On the basis of the influence of the social environment at that time, Feng Yuxiang's education thought has no scientific systematicness, which is reflected in his army
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：G40-09
本文编号：2437549
[Abstract]:During the period of the Republic of China, it was an important transformation period in the modern history of China. During this period, the political struggle was complicated, the warlords were cut to one side, and the economy was in a depression. In the field of thought and culture, a large number of intellectuals and people with lofty ideals in the face of the crisis of the nation, the time of the country's crisis, have put forward their own national salvation. The theory of education and salvation has become one of the important social thoughts of the time. The theory of education and salvation has arisen with the rise of the new cultural movement. With the development of the bourgeoisie and the petty-bourgeois intellectuals, and the introduction of the western bourgeoisie's educational ideas and educational thoughts, it gradually formed a trend of social thought under the special historical conditions at that time. Feng Yuxiang is a well-known political and military figure in the modern history of China, which is of great importance to the history of the Chinese nation The influence. He's a life, love. In the face of the present situation of the nation's crisis, he practiced the rescue of the nation with his own actions The road. Feng Yu-xiang, born in poor rural families, has been suffering from out-of-school and has a rare one-year official study. The school study is very valuable. In the future military career, Feng Yuxiang insists Learning, indefatigable. Every time you see out-of-school children, He's all heartbroken. He's given the cause of social education, especially the cause of rural education. More attention has been paid to it. It is the thoughts and feelings of the worried people that drive Feng Yu To join in the cause of education. Add Feng Yuxiang to the West. Christianity has a single clock. He believes that Christianity has the spirit, the love and the hope of three kinds of power, the Christian principle of love and the thought of the Confucian. The role of a pulse. He believed that religion had an education. Therefore, Feng Yuxiang, in military training, will make a sense of Christianity Propaganda in the army. These are Feng Yuxiang's educational thought. On the content of education, Feng Yuxiang is the main line of patriotism. To form a set of own educational ideas, in the military education, to adhere to the spirit of patriotism, to pay attention to the table-rate role of the military commanders, to maintain the principle of the rule of law for the maintenance of peace, to edit all kinds of small-volume education soldiers and to do well the relationship with the lower-level soldiers, and in principle, to adhere to the cultivation of the practical master We should focus on the science and technology and train the talents that are in need of the society at that time; adhere to the educational policy of morality, intelligence, body, group and all-round development, pay attention to the development of the sports cause, promote the collectivism education, carry forward the national spirit, strengthen the vocational education, and call for the green In-year college students to learn the knot To promote the spirit of the nation and to enhance the patriotism The emotional and active promotion of the spirit education. A vocational school for the purpose of storing skills. To promote women's liberation and equality between men and women. Women are not only entitled to the right to education and to participate in social activities, as men and women, and that women's shoulders The responsibility of the negative governance and the education of children. The introduction of compulsory education and the education of civilians not only includes out-of-school children in poor areas, but also in remote areas The children of the compulsory education of the minority nationalities. Feng Yuxiang also carries out strict family education to the people, and develops the P. The education-oriented, but also very strict, in the education practice, in the military training and the various schools set up, the vocational education is carried out actively, so that every student can master the technical skills, and the society can self-benefit the way, to reduce the burden of the society; and Feng Yuxiang's practice to carry out compulsory education and to set up primary and secondary schools throughout the country, such as Wu The primary school, Fenyang Primary School, Yuanshan Primary School and so on. The establishment of the women's Peide school, such as the women's Peide School, which has been set up in Beijing, Nanyuan and Tongzhou, has been taught by women's hard-working, bitter, butler and godson. Making and making them master certain survival skills. Feng Yuxiang's education thought embodies the pragmatism, the service society and the education of the educational thought. On the basis of the influence of the social environment at that time, Feng Yuxiang's education thought has no scientific systematicness, which is reflected in his army
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：G40-09
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 丁宇;;论冯玉祥教育思想的本土化特色[J];中国电力教育;2013年04期
，本文编号：2437549
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