关于我国研究生学制若干问题的思考

发布时间：2018-01-20 00:11

本文关键词： 研究生教育学制培养方式　出处：《复旦大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,我国研究生教育基本实现了立足国内自主培养高层次人才的战略目标,基本建成了学科门类比较齐全、培养类型多样的研究生教育体系,从规模上进入了研究生教育大国前列,为现代化建设提供了坚强的人才保障,国际影响力不断增强。但从总体上看,研究生教育的质量还不能适应经济社会发展和人民群众接受高层次教育的需求,比较突出地表现在研究生培养的特色不鲜明,规模结构不合理,研究生创新和实践的能力不强,资金投入和政策保障不到位等。作为国民教育的顶端,研究生教育是高等教育的重要组成部分,是科技第-生产力和人才第一资源的重要结合点,是高层次创新人才的主要来源,是提高综合国力与国际竞争力的有力支撑。提高研究生教育质量,关系到人才‘强国和科教兴国战略的实施。教育部2012年3月下发的《关于深入推进研究生培养机制改革,进一步提高研究生教育质量的意见(征求意见稿)》中提到,深化研究生培养机制改革,必须适应建设创新型国家、人力资源强国战略和全面建设小康社会的需求,坚持提高质量为核心,符合并体现研究生教育的特点与规律,从研究生教育的基本活动入手,突出高水平科学研究对人才培养的支撑作用,充分激发导师和研究生的创新活力,以“完善制度、提高质量、科教结合、支撑创新、适应需求、引领未来”为基本原则,加快建设“中国特色、世界一流、结构优化、布局合理”的现代研究生教育体系。学制作为学校教育制度的基本要素之一,对教育起着规范和制约作用,它以一定的学习年限为架构,对不同类型学校教育的培养目标、内容、规格、基本要求、标准等,做出完整或局部的规定,是回应现实社会对人才需求的最直接的制度规范之一。学制不仅在微观层面直接适应并影响学生个体的身心发展需求,而且在宏观层面保障社会对各级各类人才的需求及相应的人才质量。新中国建国以来,特别是改革开放以来,我国的社会、政治、经济不断发展变化,为满足国家建设对不同领域不同类型高层次人才的需要,我国研究生的规格和类型日趋多样化。随之,我国研究生培养的学制也呈现纷繁多样乃至复杂纠结的现象。如何认识和进一步理顺研究生培养的现有学制,已经成为完善我国研究生培养制度所面对的一个急迫问题。本研究通过梳理建国以来关于研究生教育的相关政策文件,以学制为出发点,审视我国研究生教育的发展历程,对学术性硕博士生学制,专业学位学制,医学教育学制的发展状况及其存在的矛盾和问题进行了讨论,并提出改革建议。本论文认为,学术型硕士培养学制过长,培养质量不高,造成资源浪费；学术型博士生培养中,“提前攻博”“硕博连读”等培养方式面临学制衔接的矛盾；随着专业学位硕士研究生培养的不断增加,我国研究生学制整体上缺乏不同类型学位及其学制相互过渡、衔接的制度性安排；另外,医学教育学制多种类型学制并存,人才培养规格的混乱,不利于医学研究生教育的健康发展。针对目前学制中存在的矛盾,提出几点建议：根据不同的专业和学科特点,从实际出发适当缩短学术型硕士培养的学制；在基础性强,理论要求高的学科,学术型博士的培养采取五年(或四年)一贯制的直博生培养模式,淡化乃至取消硕博连读培养模式；遵循医学人才培养的规律,根据我国社会发展的实际变化和需要,认真梳理现有的高等医学教育学制；采取更加灵活的方式,有针对性的打通不同类型和层次研究生学制的衔接。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's postgraduate education the basic realization of the strategic objectives based on the domestic independent high-level talents, basically built disciplines relatively complete, cultivation of various types of education system, from the scale of graduate education in the country entered the forefront, providing a strong talent guarantee for modernization, and constantly enhance the international influence. But generally speaking, the quality of graduate education can not adapt to the economic and social development and people's needs to receive a high level of education, more prominently in the cultivation of Postgraduates non distinctive features, scale structure is not reasonable, the ability of innovation and practice of graduate students is not strong, capital investment and policy support is not in place.
At the top of the national education, postgraduate education is an important part of higher education, is an important point of the first productivity and technology talents as the first resource, is the main source of innovative talents of high level, is a powerful support to improve the comprehensive national strength and international competitiveness. To improve the quality of graduate education, related to the implementation of talents' power and the strategy of rejuvenating the country.
The Ministry of education in 2012 3 issued "on deepening the reform of postgraduate training mechanism, to further improve the quality of postgraduate education opinions (Draft)" is mentioned, to deepen the reform of postgraduate training mechanism, must adapt to the construction of an innovative country, strategic human resources and the comprehensive construction well-off society needs, adhere to and improve the quality the core, in accord with rules and characteristics of graduate education, starting from the basic activities of graduate education, support the role of high level scientific research focus on personnel training, to fully stimulate innovation vitality of tutors and graduate students, to improve the system, improve the quality of science and education, support innovation, adapt to the demand, leading the future "as the basic principle, accelerate the construction of" China characteristics, world class, structural optimization, rational layout of the modern graduate education system.
System as one of the basic elements of school education system, restrict the role of education, it is a certain period of study for architecture, training objectives, different types of school education, the basic requirements, specifications, standards, make a complete or partial response is one of the provisions of the real needs of society for talents most the system not only direct regulations. At the micro level directly affect the students and adapt to the individual's physical and mental development, and at the macro level of social security at all levels needs all kinds of talents and the quality of talents.
The new China since the founding of new China, especially since the reform and opening up, China's social and political change, continuous economic development, in order to meet the needs of national construction in different areas of different types of high level talents, our country of sizes and types of diversification. Therefore, Chinese graduate training system also presents the diverse and complex tangle phenomenon. How to understand and further improve the existing system of graduate education, have become the focus of research in China is an urgent problem faced by the system of student training.
This study has combed through the founding on graduate education related policy documents, the school system as a starting point, to examine the development process of China's postgraduate education, the academic system of graduate students, master's degree, professional, contradiction and development situation and problems of medical education system are discussed, and puts forward the reform proposal.
This paper believes that the long schooling academic master training, training quality is not high, resulting in a waste of resources; academic doctoral training in "pre doctoral program" Shuoboliandu "training system facing cohesion contradiction; with the increase of training graduate students, graduate students in China lack of overall system different types of degrees and programs of mutual transition, institutional arrangement of convergence; in addition, the coexistence of various types of medical education system, personnel training specification confusion, is not conducive to the healthy development of postgraduate education.
To solve the contradiction existing in the educational system, and puts forward several suggestions: according to the characteristics of different professions and disciplines, from a practical point of view, appropriate to shorten the academic master training system; on the basis of the theory of strong, demanding discipline, academic training, take five years (or four years) has always been the Zhibo students training mode desalination, or even cancel Shuoboliandu medical training mode; follow the law of talent cultivation, and change according to the actual needs of China's social development, carefully combing existing higher medical education; adopt a more flexible way to open up the connection of different types and levels of the graduate system.

【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G643

【参考文献】