清末与民国前期留学生弱国子民心态考察（1872-1927）

发布时间：2018-02-22 18:30

本文关键词： 清末民初留学生弱国子民心态　出处：《华东师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：1872年詹天佑等学子在清政府组织下从上海启程出洋,开启了中国人留学的记录,此后五十年间,数十万中国留学生求学异域。在国内,留学生被普遍认为是精英、是中国的希望,但是在国外,19世纪中叶开始的一系列战败为他们贴上了无法摆脱的弱国子民标签。留学生因为“弱国子民”的身份认同产生的较为稳定的思想、情感等内心活动就是弱国子民心态。现有的研究对留学政策、留学生的思想、留学生的译介活动、留学生回国后的改革讨论了很多,但很少涉及留学生的心理状态。因此本文意图通过对留学生“弱国子民”心态的探讨呈现出留学生心理状态在历史发展中的影响。文章主要分为四部分。第一部分是论文导言,介绍研究缘起,梳理研究现状,进行概念界定,说明研究范围,呈现研究思路。第二部分探讨了留学生弱国子民心态形成的历史背景。中国学生出国前对留学国充满憧憬,殊不知因为军事强弱局势的改变,在以美国、日本为代表的强国眼中,中国及中国人形象极为不佳,有时甚至呈现出野蛮而恶劣的特征。留学生出国前的期许与出国后的境遇之间的强烈冲突是导致弱国子民心态形成和加重的直接原因。第三部分探讨了留学生弱国子民心态的具体表现。当留学生遭遇他人的歧视,最直接的表现就是自卑和愤怒；因为有迫切改变弱国现实的愿望,他们不仅关注自身本业一一学习,也注意学业和救亡图存的密切联系,会主动改善中国的异域形象,他们的努力有时甚至呈现出“功夫在诗外”的特点；面临尊严的被践踏,有的学生以中国的文明和历史为“底气”,从“逆歧视”中获取安慰；一旦双眼被自卑遮蔽,也有的留学生以偏概全,夸大了西方文化的优势。第四部分从个人层面和社会层面探讨了留学生弱国子民心态的影响。个人层面,弱国子民心态成为一种动力,激励着留学生在进行人生规划时为了忠于救国理想,往往“趋苦避甜”,选择了更加崎岖的人生道路；社会层面,本文以个案呈现出弱国子民心态在教育近代化中的影响,即教育的强国导向和速成倾向。
[Abstract]:In 1872, Zhan Tianyou and other students set out from Shanghai under the Qing government's organization, opening a record of Chinese students studying abroad. Since then, in 50 years, there have been 100,000 Chinese students studying in foreign countries. In China, foreign students are generally regarded as the elite. It is China's hope, but a series of defeats that began in the middle of the 19th century abroad branded them the inextricably weak people. Emotion and other inner activities are the mentality of the weak people. The existing research has discussed a lot about the study abroad policy, the thought of the overseas students, the translation and introduction activities of the overseas students, and the reform of the overseas students after returning to China. Therefore, this paper intends to show the influence of the psychological state of foreign students in the historical development through the discussion of the mentality of the students in the weak country. The first part is the introduction of the thesis, which introduces the origin of the research, combs the research status, defines the concept, explains the scope of the research, and presents the research ideas. The second part discusses the historical background of the formation of the mentality of the weak subjects of foreign students. Before Chinese students went abroad, they were full of longing for studying abroad, but they did not know that because of the changes in the military situation, in the eyes of the powerful countries represented by the United States and Japan, The image of China and the Chinese people is extremely poor, sometimes showing the characteristics of barbarism and bad. The strong conflict between the expectations of overseas students and the situation after going abroad is the direct reason for the formation and aggravation of the mentality of the subjects of the weak countries. The third part discusses the concrete manifestation of the mentality of the subjects of the weak countries of foreign students. When the students are discriminated against by others, the most direct manifestation is inferiority complex and anger, because they have the desire to change the reality of the weak countries urgently. They not only pay attention to their own study, but also pay attention to the close relationship between their studies and saving the nation from death. They will take the initiative to improve China's foreign image. Their efforts sometimes even show the characteristic of "kung fu outside the poem"; they are faced with being trampled on their dignity. Some students take the Chinese civilization and history as the "base" and take comfort from the "inverse discrimination". Once their eyes are obscured by inferiority, some students exaggerate the advantages of western culture. The 4th part discusses the influence of the psychology of the weak people in the foreign students from the personal and social aspects. At the personal level, the mentality of the weak people becomes a kind of motive force, which inspires the overseas students to be loyal to the ideal of saving the nation in their life planning. In the social level, this paper presents the influence of the mentality of the weak people in the modernization of education, that is, the orientation of education and the tendency of rapid development.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G648.9

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