清教对北美殖民地时期哈佛学院和耶鲁学院的影响（1636-1775）

发布时间：2018-03-04 11:18

本文选题：清教　切入点：哈佛学院　出处：《山东师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：现代美国高等教育与宗教关系甚密，宗教在美国高等教育早期发展史上留下了深刻的烙印。在众多的宗教中，对殖民地时期高等教育影响最大的当属清教。17世纪初期移居北美殖民地的清教徒非常重视教育，清教徒普及宗教理念、服务宗教使命、造就教会高级人才、培养牧师队伍的理念催生了殖民地时期高等院校的诞生。本文以受清教影响最大的哈佛学院和耶鲁学院为例，重点阐述殖民地时期为实现培养牧师的目标，清教徒们从学院的创建、学院管理模式的构成和学院教师的聘任和解雇、课程的设置等处处渗透着清教教义。通过对哈佛学院和耶鲁学院具体案例的论述，试图证明清教是北美殖民地高等教育发展的原动力，至今对美国高等院校有深远的影响。本文由三个部分组成：导论、正文五章和结束语导论主要阐述选题的意义、国内外关于该课题的相关研究状况。第一章简要梳理了清教对北美殖民地的意义，清教徒热衷北美殖民地高等教育建设的原因，清教中涉及北美殖民地时期高等教育的相关内容。第二章主要分析了清教对哈佛学院和耶鲁学院的建立的影响。为了培养清教牧师、传播清教文化，清教徒创建了哈佛学院和耶鲁学院；与此目的相适应，哈佛和耶鲁的毕业生在殖民地时期有一半以上都成为清教牧师，承担着传播清教文化、弘扬清教理念的重任。第三章论述了清教对哈佛学院和耶鲁学院管理机制的影响。清教的“平等、共治”思想促使哈佛和耶鲁两所学院形成的都是民主管理的模式，创建学院和掌握学院大权的人们是以清教牧师为核心的。无论哈佛的“双院制”管理模式，还是耶鲁采用的“一院制”管理模式，，这两种管理模式形式虽然略有差别，但是实质上都是在清教思想指导下形成的以民主共治为主要特征的管理模式。第四章和第五章为本文主体。第四章着重探讨了哈佛和耶鲁两所学院的院长聘任的标准，以案例分析的方式，论述哈佛学院和耶鲁学院两所院校都认为拥有纯洁的清教信仰是聘任院长的首要条件，若院长宣扬其他异教思想就必须被审判和解雇。这是维持学院清教正统思想必须坚持的原则。第五章讨论了在课程设置和学生管理上，哈佛学院和耶鲁学院为了实现培养清教牧师的目标，设置了大量的神学课程和培养牧师辩论才能的课程；在学生管理上，学院严格按照清教徒教会内部行为标准要求学生。结语部分对全文进行归纳总结，指出清教思想在殖民地时期高等教育发展上占有重要的地位。随着社会的发展演变，虽然学院的清教属性逐渐减弱，世俗性逐渐加强，但是学院的管理模式和精神内核却深深打上了清教的烙印。
[Abstract]:The relationship between modern American higher education and religion is very close, and religion has left a deep imprint in the early history of American higher education. The Puritans who emigrated to North American colonies in the early 17th century attached great importance to education, popularizing religious ideas, serving religious missions, and bringing up high ecclesiastical talents. The idea of cultivating the ranks of priests gave birth to colleges and universities during the colonial period. Taking Harvard College and Yale College, which are the most affected by Puritanism, as an example, this paper focuses on the establishment of the Puritan College, the composition of the college management model and the employment and dismissal of faculty members in the colonial period in order to achieve the goal of cultivating pastors. By discussing the specific cases of Harvard College and Yale College, this paper tries to prove that Puritanism is the driving force of the development of higher education in the North American colonies, and has a profound influence on American colleges and universities. This paper consists of three parts: introduction, five chapters and concluding remarks. Introduction mainly describes the significance of the topic, domestic and foreign related research on the subject. The first chapter briefly combs the meaning of Puritanism to the North American colonies, the reasons why the Puritans are keen on the construction of higher education in the North American colonies, and the relevant contents of the Puritanism concerning the higher education in the North American colonies. The second chapter mainly analyzes the influence of Puritanism on the establishment of Harvard College and Yale College. In order to cultivate Puritan priests and spread Puritan culture, Puritans founded Harvard College and Yale College. More than half of the graduates of Harvard and Yale became Puritans during the colonial period, shouldering the responsibility of spreading Puritanism and promoting Puritanism. The third chapter discusses the influence of Puritanism on the management mechanism of Harvard College and Yale College. The people who founded the college and held the power of the college were centered around Puritan priests. Whether Harvard's "double house" management model or Yale's "unicameral" management model, the two forms of management were slightly different. But in essence, it was formed under the guidance of Puritanism, with democratic co-rule as the main characteristics of the management model. Chapter 4th and Chapter 5th are the main body of this paper. Chapter 4th focuses on the criteria for the appointment of the deans of Harvard and Yale. Arguing that both Harvard and Yale colleges consider pure Puritanism to be the primary condition for the appointment of a dean, If the dean preaches other pagan ideas, he must be tried and dismissed. This is the principle that must be upheld in maintaining the Puritan orthodoxy of the college. Chapter 5th discusses a large number of theological courses and courses that foster the ability of priests to debate, in order to achieve the goal of cultivating Puritan pastors at Harvard College and Yale College in the area of curriculum and student management; The College strictly follows the Puritan Church's internal standards of conduct. The conclusion part summarizes the whole text and points out that Puritan thought plays an important role in the development of higher education during the colonial period. With the development of society, although the Puritanism attribute of the college gradually weakened, the secular character gradually strengthened. However, the management mode and spiritual core of the college were deeply branded by Puritanism.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K712.3;G649.712

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