清末湖南书院与学堂关系研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 17:28

  本文选题：清末　切入点：湖南　出处：《湖南大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：书院是中国古代一种独特的文化教育组织,自唐代产生,历经宋、元、明、清,绵延千余年,不仅为国家培养了大批优秀人才,而且为中国教育、文化、学术、出版、藏书等事业的发展做出了重要贡献。至清代,由于官学衰微、科举盛行,书院成为培养科举人才的教育机构,学术研究功能逐渐丧失。为恢复书院经世致用传统,顺应时势变化,全国各地兴起了教育改革的浪潮。改革书院和创建学堂成为中国近代教育改革的两项重要举措,二者的关系经历复杂的变化后,从齐头并进发展到此消彼长,学堂最终取代书院。 清末湖南书院以甲午为界,经历了两个不同阶段的改革：甲午前,以校经书院和沅水校经堂为代表,致力于回归书院经世致用传统；甲午后,在坚持中学主导地位的基础上,书院引入新学,吸收新式学堂的元素,在内容和形式等方面都进行了新的改革,呈现出新的气象。湖南新式学堂的创办以时务学堂为标志,经过维新、新政两个时期,得到了快速发展,形成了较为完整的体系,为湖南近代教育的发展奠定了基础。 清末湖南书院与学堂的关系不断变化发展,在维新时期和新政时期表现出不同的特点。维新时期,人们将改革传统书院和创办新式学堂一同视为改革教育、培养新式人才的重要举措,书院与学堂可谓名异实同。新政时期,社会需才恐亟,书院不仅不能满足社会需求,而且还阻碍了教育的改革和学堂的兴建,书院与学堂的区别日渐明显,并上升到制度层面,最终通过书院改制,两者实现统一。这一时期的学堂既继承和保留了书院的物质财产、教学内容和教学目标,又吸收了西方学校的教学形式、方法和理念,体现了近代教育的新特征。
[Abstract]:Academy of Classical Learning is a unique cultural and educational organization in ancient China. It has been born in the Tang Dynasty and lasted for more than a thousand years. It has not only trained a large number of outstanding talents for the country, but also provided education, culture, scholarship and publishing for China. By the Qing Dynasty, due to the decline of official studies and the prevalence of imperial examinations, the academy became an educational institution for the cultivation of imperial examination talents, and its academic research function was gradually lost. The reform of academies and the establishment of academies have become two important measures in China's modern education reform. After the complicated changes, the relationship between the two has developed from one step to the other. The school eventually replaced the college. At the end of Qing Dynasty, Hunan Academy of Classics took the "Jiawu" as the boundary and went through two different stages of reform: before the "Jiawu", represented by the Classical College and Yuanshui School's Jing Tong, Hunan Academy devoted itself to returning to the tradition of the academy's practice in the world, and after that, on the basis of insisting on the dominant position of the middle school, The academies introduced new learning, absorbed the elements of new schools, carried out new reforms in content and form, and presented a new atmosphere. The establishment of new schools in Hunan was marked by the school of time and administration, and after two periods of reform and new deal, The rapid development and formation of a relatively complete system laid the foundation for the development of modern education in Hunan. In the late Qing Dynasty, the relationship between academies and schools in Hunan was constantly changing and developing, showing different characteristics in the period of reform and the New deal. During the period of reform, people regarded the reform of traditional academies and the establishment of new schools as reform of education. During the New deal period, the society needed to meet the needs of the society. The academy not only failed to meet the needs of the society, but also hindered the reform of education and the construction of the school. The difference between the academy and the school became more and more obvious, and it rose to the level of system, and finally realized the unification through the reform of the college. The school of this period not only inherited and retained the material property, teaching content and teaching goal of the college, but also realized the unity of the two. It also absorbs the teaching forms, methods and ideas of western schools, and embodies the new characteristics of modern education.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G649.299

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