大学生就业问题的经济学理论探究

发布时间：2018-03-25 17:23

本文选题：大学生就业　切入点：劳动供给　出处：《沈阳师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：在知识经济时代，“人才是第一资源”，，这一“共识”在我国已得到绝大多数学者的认同。经过许多教育家和经济学家对于我国教育的探索和研究比较一致的得出：高等教育的功能，一是，培养适应当前社会需求的人才，以加快社会的各方面的建设，加快我国正式步入现代化的进程；二是，协调初等教育、高等教育与人的发展关系，初等教育的主要任务是为降低并逐步消除文盲人数而实施的最基本的教育模式，现在已基本完成全民的普通义务教育教育，高等教育以培养我国各产业所需的高等人才为己任，大力提高我国的全民素质水平，为发展我国的生产力提供丰富的人力资源储备，在提高全民素质，储备高素质人才的同时，各种相关问题也孕育而生，其中尤为突出的且也是当前亟待解决的问题-----高校毕业生就业难问题，这一问题对于大学毕业生资源是否得到合理配置起着至关重要的的作用。从教育部公布的大学毕业生就业数据中看到，我国大学毕业生在快速增长，而就业率却在不断下降，应届大学毕业生人数与往届毕业生的人数叠加，使得我国的就业市场的压力十分严峻。这明显然有悖于西方经济学理论的叙述，故本文将就高校毕业生就业难问题，运用相关理论对其进行解释，以便找出更深层次的原因，为我国就业难问题提出解决政策。第一部分，这一部分主要以相关概念和理论的介绍为主，简要对人力资本理论和经济理论的阐述，通过国内外的研究现状揭示国内外目前的就业趋势，同时概括各国学者对于解决大学生就业问题的分析结果。第二部分，主要对文章中所用到的经济学理论进行阐述，对各个理论的内容进行大致概括。第三部分，我国目前大学毕业生就业情况及影响因素，这部分主要想详细的说明我国大学毕业生就业情况的现状，同时从人力资本中的教育投资、就业区域的选择和大学生对于工作单位的健康保障方面对当前大学生就业难问题的影响因素进行本作者的个人理解阐述。第四部分，大学生就业问题的经济学分析，对大学毕业生就业难问题进行理论解释，从人力资本中的相关理论和西方经济学角度对就业中的问题进行解释和说明，并阐述出其中的经济现象对我国的就业有什么启示。通过搜集统计年鉴上的数据，设置产业结构和就业结构相关变量对我国大学生的就业情况进行相关分析，建立回归模型解释我国大学就业难问题。第五部分，总结及政策含义，这部分主要总结本论文的相关结果和对本人提出的问题提出个人的解决观点，以及本文可能存在的问题及局限性，同时进行了后续研究的展望。
[Abstract]:In the era of knowledge economy, talent is the first resource ", the" consensus "in our country has been the vast majority of scholars. After many educators and economists in China Education Exploration and research that is consistent: the functions of higher education, is a culture, to adapt to the social demand for talent, in order to speed up all aspects of social construction, accelerate our country officially entered the modernization process; two, the coordination of elementary education, the development of the relationship between higher education and the people, the main task of elementary education is the basic mode of education and the implementation in order to reduce and gradually eliminate the number of illiterates, now has basically completed the general compulsory education universal. Higher education focuses on training each industry in our country required higher talents, vigorously improve our national quality level, provide abundant human resources reserves for the development of China's productive forces, To improve the quality of the people, the reserve talents at the same time, a variety of related issues also arise, which is particularly prominent and urgent problem, the difficult employment of college graduates, the problem for college graduates resources are playing a critical role in the rational allocation.
See the university graduates employment data released from the Ministry of education, China's university graduates in the rapid growth, while the employment rate is on the decline, the number of university graduates and graduates of the previous number of overlay, making China's employment market pressure is very serious. This was so contrary to the theory of western economics narrative, so the problem in this paper the difficult employment of college graduates, the use of the related theories, in order to find out the deeper reason, put forward the policy for China's employment problem.
The first part, this part mainly introduces the related concepts and theories, briefly on the human capital theory and the economical theory, through the research status at home and abroad reveal employment trends at home and abroad, and summarized the scholars of all countries for the results to solve the employment problem of college students.
The second part mainly expounds the economic theory used in the article, and generalizes the contents of each theory.
The third part, the current employment situation of university graduates and the influence factors of our country, this part is mainly to present the employment situation of university graduates in China in detail, at the same time from the human capital investment in education in the selection and employment of college students, for the regional health protection work in the current college students' employment problem of the influence factors the author's personal understanding of this.
The fourth part, economic analysis of the employment of college students, the college graduates employment problems are theoretical explanation, to explain them and to the problem of employment from the theory of human capital and western economics perspective, and analyzes the economic phenomenon of employment in our country. What is the enlightenment through the collection of data on the statistical yearbook correlation analysis of the employment situation, set up the industrial structure and employment structure variables of the university students in our country, the establishment of regression model to explain our country university employment problem.
The fifth part is the summary and policy implications. This part mainly summarizes the related results of this paper, and puts forward personal solutions to the problems raised by myself, as well as the possible problems and limitations of this paper, and makes a prospect for future research.

【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G647.38

【参考文献】