大学生就业中经验歧视的经济学分析

发布时间：2018-04-15 06:22

本文选题：大学毕业生 + 就业　；参考：《山西财经大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国每年拥有庞大的毕业生数量，帮助及解决大学生就业难是一直以来社会各界以及政府尤为关注的重大民生问题。造成就业形势严峻的原因方方面面，其中因就业歧视导致的就业难现象在近几年较为普遍。消除就业歧视，建立一个公平有序的就业环境是实现社会和平稳定、和谐发展的必要条件。就业歧视主要包括性别歧视、户籍歧视、学历歧视、经验歧视等等。通过调查发现，在众多歧视中经验歧视已成为当前许多大学生就业的主要瓶颈。如果说其他就业歧视的对象大都只是针对少部分大学生，那么经验歧视则几乎涉及所有刚踏出校门、尚无工作经历的大学毕业生群体。大学生就业过程中所遭遇的经验歧视有其特殊性。其他类型的就业歧视，如性别歧视、户籍歧视，如果用人单位基于这类因素拒绝求职者，那么这种行为是否构成歧视是比较容易界定的，因为性别、户籍等因素与个人工作能力或工作岗位无关。而用人单位在招聘中对求职者提出工作经验要求，却可能是实缺岗位对任职者资格条件的合理要求，因而，经验歧视问题更加复杂。一方面企业需要有经验、能尽快为其创造价值的员工，而另一方面，大学生初出茅庐，大多又没有工作经验，这便造成了双方用人难、就业难并存的尴尬局面。因此对经验歧视的深入研究就就显得尤为重要。本文拟通过调查各类企业在招聘活动中提出的经验要求，分析其合理性，，避免企业被过分的追究社会责任，损害企业利益。同时，通过对经验歧视现象进行系统分析，使政府能够加强宏观调控作用，完善相关的法律法规；使企业树立科学合理的用人观，加强社会责任感；也希望大学生能够摆正心态，正视自身的不足，通过努力不断的完善和提高自我。基于此，本文从定性和定量两个方面对该问题进行研究。首先，对就业歧视的现状、经验歧视的概念以及它的消极影响和积极作用进行阐述，从两个不同的角度对经验歧视进行认识。其次，运用贝克尔偏好歧视理论，对经验歧视现象进行经济学分析，发掘和解释其内在原因，并得出无经验大学生自然附着成本的存在是造成企业经验歧视的根本原因。然后，通过对论文提出的基本假设，即认为经验歧视具有其合理性，进行了实证分析。分别对企业和大学生发放了调查问卷，根据问卷设定不同的指标，定量研究了有无工作经验对大学生就业产生的影响。企业指出无经验大学生在诸多方面都存在较明显弱势，这是导致其更愿意使用经验员工的主要原因，进一步说明了企业提出经验要求的合理性。最后，在此基础上，对政府、企业、高等院校以及大学生自身提出了全面的、有针对性的对策及建议，充分发挥和调动各个方面的积极作用，从而尽可能的缓解劳资关系和大学生的就业压力。
[Abstract]:Our country has a large number of graduates every year, helping and solving the employment difficulties of college students has been a major livelihood issue that the society and the government have been paying special attention to.There are many reasons for the severe employment situation, among which employment discrimination is common in recent years.Eliminating employment discrimination and establishing a fair and orderly employment environment are the necessary conditions to realize social peace and stability and harmonious development.Employment discrimination mainly includes sex discrimination, household registration discrimination, education discrimination, experience discrimination and so on.Through investigation, it is found that experience discrimination has become the main bottleneck of employment of many college students.If most of the other forms of employment discrimination are directed at a small number of college students, then empirical discrimination involves almost all college graduates who have just stepped out of school and have no work experience.The experience discrimination encountered by college students in the process of employment has its particularity.Other types of discrimination in employment, such as sex discrimination, household registration discrimination, and if employers reject job seekers on the basis of such factors, it is easier to define whether such behaviour constitutes discrimination because of gender,Household registration and other factors have nothing to do with personal working ability or post.However, it may be a reasonable requirement for the job holder qualification to put forward the job experience requirement of the employer in the recruitment process, thus, the problem of experience discrimination is more complicated.On the one hand, enterprises need employees who have experience and can create value for them as soon as possible. On the other hand, college students are newly born, most of them have no work experience, which makes it difficult for both sides to employ and obtain employment.Therefore, the in-depth study of empirical discrimination is particularly important.This paper aims to analyze the rationality of various kinds of enterprises by investigating their experience requirements in recruiting activities, so as to avoid the enterprises being excessively investigated for social responsibility and harm the interests of enterprises.At the same time, through the systematic analysis of the phenomenon of empirical discrimination, the government can strengthen the role of macro-control, improve the relevant laws and regulations, make enterprises establish a scientific and reasonable concept of employment, strengthen the sense of social responsibility;I also hope that college students can correct their mentality, face up to their own shortcomings, and improve themselves through continuous efforts.Based on this, this paper studies this problem from two aspects: qualitative and quantitative.First of all, the present situation of employment discrimination, the concept of empirical discrimination and its negative impact and positive role are expounded, and the empirical discrimination is understood from two different angles.Secondly, by using Becker's preference discrimination theory, this paper analyzes the phenomenon of empirical discrimination in economics, explores and explains its internal reasons, and concludes that the existence of natural attachment cost of inexperienced college students is the fundamental cause of enterprise empirical discrimination.Then, through the basic hypothesis that empirical discrimination has its rationality, empirical analysis is carried out.A questionnaire was sent out to enterprises and college students respectively. According to the different indexes set by the questionnaire, the influence of working experience on the employment of college students was studied quantitatively.The enterprise points out that the inexperienced college students have obvious weakness in many aspects, which is the main reason why they are more willing to use experienced employees, which further explains the reasonableness of the experience requirement put forward by the enterprise.Finally, on this basis, the government, enterprises, colleges and universities as well as college students themselves put forward comprehensive, targeted countermeasures and suggestions, to give full play to and mobilize the positive role of all aspects,Thus as far as possible to ease the labor relations and college students employment pressure.
【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G647.38

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