我国现代大学章程建设研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 17:37

本文选题：我国现代大学 + 大学章程　；参考：《西南大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：大学制度的改革为政府与大学之间建立契约管理关系提供了法律依据和运行空间,具有类法律属性的现代大学章程是现代大学制度的基石,它不仅对构建现代大学制度、建设高等教育法制具有重要的理论意义,而且对中国建设世界一流大学、推动和完善大学依法自主办学、建构能够应对“冲突和多元利益”需要的决策权力结构、重塑政府与大学之间关系和重构大学内部管理体制、平衡行政权力和学术权力之间的关系提供了建立新范式的可能等重大问题具有现实指导意义。建设中国特色现代大学制度是高等教育体制改革的关键,而大学章程建设则是我国现代大学制度建设的主要环节。2010年7月30日,政府发布了《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》(2010年—2020年),《纲要》关于大学章程建设提出了明确的指导性的建议：“各类高校应依法制定章程,依照章程规定管理学校”；“学校要建立完善符合法律规定、体现自身特色的学校章程和制度”。这为我国大学章程建设指明了方向。那么,本研究所要关注并要解决的问题是什么?我想,更侧重于关注大学章程的理论问题和实践问题,即大学章程作为学术性组织的宪法性的文件应具有什么样的意义和价值?在大学章程建设和运行中存在着什么问题?如何解决?这实际上呈现了大学章程之“实然”与“应然”的两种状态,这两种状态的大学章程可以从两个方式来解读：第一：什么样的大学章程才能体现大学自身内在逻辑及其独立的精神和性格：第二,在研究大学章程“实然”状态的前提下,来理解大学章程的理想化状态。研究以我国现代大学章程为研究对象,在方法的选择上,主要运用理论分析方法(逻辑分析方法)、文本分析方法、历史分析方法、比较分析方法、多学科综合研究、个案研究、开放式深度访谈及问卷调查等方法,对我国现代大学章程进行深入研究。论文以大学章程的本体为研究的基点和起点,分析了大学章程内涵、性质、内容、结构、主体、程序、原则、效力等基本问题,在解读了不同学者关于大学章程内涵的观点基础上,提出关于大学章程内涵的见解,认为大学章程是为了彰显大学的理性、保障大学自治和依法治校、调节大学内部利益关系、规范各种权利和义务,以文本形式表述大学的理念、使命、任务、管理体制以规范大学的组织运营具有大学宪法性质的文件,其本质是彰显大学的理性和自治。在把握大学章程内涵的基础上,比较分析了大学章程与教育法律法规、战略规划等关系。讨论国内外现代大学章程的内容,提出了自己的看法,认为大学章程应具有大学使命、内部管理体制、教职工和学生及校友的权利、资产、经营和财务管理、社会服务与外部关系等具体内容。从大学章程决策主体和影响主体的角度出发,追溯了其制定主体的历史,分析了章程制定主体的现状,认为：理论意义上,大学举办者是大学章程的决策主体,在实际意义上,大学是大学章程的决策主体；对大学章程的原则和效力进行剖析,认为大学章程应坚持合法性、科学性、民主性、可行性、特色性、制定与实施相结合、结合国情又遵循世界通例等原则,认为大学章程具有维护大学学术组织理性、具有意义建构和具有对历史记载和呈现等效力。对现代大学章程进行本体研究之后,对其进行法理上的探析,分析了法律性质、地位、效力,并提出了自己看法。认为现代大学章程具有行政法性、契约性、自治法性及可诉性。现代大学章程有如下法律地位：它是大学的宪章和基本大法；是接连大学内外制度的纽带和桥梁；为现代大学制度的构建提供了法律基础。现代大学章程对内具有不容置疑的法律效力；对外展示其宗旨和管理机制,便于社会了解大学章程。那么,如何选择大学章程的理念呢?研究在分析大学学术组织特有精神、理念、组织结构与属性的基础上,认为大学章程应蕴含以下几个方面理念：理性追求应是章程建设的方向选择；大学自治及学术自由应是章程建设的本质内容；在尊重学术自治自由的前提下履行社会责任是章程建设的时代需求。研究追溯了我国大学章程发展的历程并对其现存问题分析其原因。从我国大学章程的渊源出发,回顾了我国大学章程的发展历程(清末的《京师大学堂章程》—民国时《大学令》—建国初《高教六十条》等)。在回顾和总结我国现代大学章程发展历史基础上,认为我国大学章程存在的“大学对章程重视不够、法律地位及效力不够明晰、制定主体单一、内容笼统、文本要素鲜有创新、缺乏本校特色、忽视学术权力的作用、执行不力”等突出问题。这些问题可能存在的原因是：从外部来看,政府控制大学的历史传统、教育管理体制目标的变化,法律界定的模糊,教育主管部门尚无明确规定的细则等原因都致使大学章程缺失、不能清晰界定权限；从内部来看,大学对章程建设重视程度不够,章程建设与实际管理脱节,科层式和以行政权力为主导的管理体制及定位不明等原因都可能使大学章程规定的管理体制不够科学或章程的办学宗旨、内容模糊。研究比较了美国伊利诺伊大学和中国上海大学章程,借鉴伊利诺伊大学章程的先进经验。认为我国大学章程应在分析伊利诺伊大学章程特点的基础上借鉴其“行政力量和学术力量相对均衡的大学管理结构；特有法律功能的立法体系一评议会；民主、科学的章程制定过程；灵活民主的学系制”等特点。研究最后回到了我国现代大学章程的建议和构建,在对其背景分析的基础上,进行政策建议、行政权力和学术权力相对均衡的管理体制的新构架和章程内容的构建及探讨了章程合法性实现的途径。总体上,论文在研究对象选择上,更倾向于研究型现代大学章程建设。研究的目的并非完全指向问题的澄清和解决,而是源于现实问题展开的意义思索。
[Abstract]:The reform of university system provides legal basis and operation space for establishing contract management relationship between government and university . The modern university charter with legal attribute is the cornerstone of modern university system .

The construction of modern university system with Chinese characteristics is the key to the reform of higher education system , while the construction of university charter is the main link of the construction of modern university system .
This paper tries to focus on the theoretical problems and practical problems of the university ' s constitution , which is the theoretical and practical problems in the construction and operation of the university ' s constitution .

Based on the concept , mission , task and management system of the university , the author points out that the university ' s constitution should have university mission , internal management system , teaching staff and students and alumni ' rights , assets , operation and financial management , social services and external relations .
Based on the analysis of the principles and effectiveness of the university ' s constitution , it is believed that the university ' s constitution should adhere to the principles of legality , science , democracy , feasibility , characteristic , formulation and implementation , and abide by the rules of the world in combination with the national conditions .

After carrying out the ontology research on the articles of modern university , the article analyzes the legal nature , status and effectiveness , and puts forward its own views . It is believed that the articles of modern university have administrative law , contract , autonomy and indictability . The Constitution of modern university has the following legal status : it is the charter and basic law of university ;
It is a link and bridge that connects the internal and external systems of the university ;
It provides the legal foundation for the construction of modern university system .
The purpose and management mechanism shall be displayed to the outside , so as to facilitate the social understanding of the University Constitution .

So how to select the concept of university constitution ? The research is based on the analysis of the unique spirit , concept , organization structure and attribute of the university academic organization , and it is believed that the university ' s constitution should contain the following aspects : the rational pursuit should be the direction of the construction of the constitution ;
The university autonomy and academic freedom should be the essence of the construction of the articles of association ;
On the premise of respecting the freedom of academic autonomy , fulfilling social responsibility is the era demand of the construction of the articles of association .

This paper reviews the course of the development of our university charter and analyzes its reasons . From the origin of the constitution of our university , this article reviews the development course of the charter of our university . On the basis of reviewing and summarizing the historical foundation of our country ' s modern university charter , it is believed that the university ' s articles of association have insufficient attention to the articles of association , the legal status and the effectiveness are not clear , the main body is single , the content is general , the text element is fresh and innovative , lacks the characteristics of the school , neglects the function of academic power , and carries out the weak " etc . These problems may exist .
From the point of view , the university has not paid enough attention to the construction of the articles of association , the construction of the articles of association and the management of the actual management , the bureaucratic style and the administrative power as the leading management system and the unknown reasons can make the management system stipulated in the articles of association not enough scientific or the school tenet of the articles of association , and the content is vague .

The article compares the constitution of the University of Illinois and Shanghai University of China , and draws lessons from the advanced experience of the Constitution of Illinois University . It is believed that the constitution of our university should draw on the characteristics of the Constitution of the University of Illinois , draw on the university management structure with relatively balanced administrative power and academic power , the legislative system of specific legal function , the process of making the constitution of democracy and science , the system of flexible democracy and so on .

On the basis of analyzing the background , the paper constructs and probes into the new framework and the contents of the new framework and constitution of the management system with relatively balanced administrative power and academic power . The aim of the research is not to point to the clarification and resolution of the problem , but to the significance of the practical problems .
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G647

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