我国大学公民教育研究

发布时间：2018-06-18 12:36

本文选题：大学公民教育 + 体系　；参考：《华中科技大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：我国社会主义和谐社会目标的实现和中国特色公民社会的构建都有赖于大量高素质公民的参与。大学生公民作为社会上具有较高素质的公民群体,在社会中处于特殊的地位,发挥着示范和引领的作用。当前社会的发展以及大学生公民自身的发展要求他们具备的基本素质包括：独立人格意识、权利与义务平衡意识、共同体意识、参与意识和参与能力、批判性思维能力、公共精神和志愿精神。但从现实的情况看,大学生的公民素质与社会发展的要求之间还存在着一定的差距。主要表现在：独立人格意识的缺失、权利与义务的失衡、共同体意识弱化、参与意识和参与能力有待提升、批判性思维能力欠缺、大学生志愿行动还带有功利性倾向、公共意识淡薄,公共精神缺乏等方面。我国的大学作为培养高素质公民的重要基地,目前对公民教育还未引起足够的重视,具体表现在：大学尚未建立起系统、完备、科学的公民教育课程体系,大学一直是通过思想政治教育或德育来对学生进行公民教育,注重政治说教和理论灌输,忽视学生的主体性,忽视与现实生活世界的联系；大学社会实践活动还存在诸多的问题,如大学生对社会实践的意义还存在模糊认识、参与社会实践锻炼的机会较少、社会实践的组织程序不够规范、活动缺乏经费的支持等；大学的校园环境和文化氛围还存在诸多不利于大学生公民健康成长的方面,大学公共领域和大学公民社会组织的发育还不太成熟,尚不足以孕育出高素质的现代公民。立足我国大学生公民素质的现状以及我国大学在实施公民教育方面亟待解决的问题,在借鉴和吸收美国大学培养合格公民成功范例的基础上,以先进的公民教育理念为指导,以“把大学生培养成为促进社会发展的高素质公民”为目标指向,本研究设计了“以课程整合为基础,以社会实践为载体,以校园环境和氛围为依托”的三位一体的大学公民教育体系。在此基础上,提出了我国大学实施公民教育的基本策略：一是通过开设公民教育的核心课程、开设公民教育的基础课程、在专业课程中渗透公民教育、开发跨学科的公民教育综合课程等推进公民教育课程的整合。在课程整合中要充分利用校内外的公民教育资源、提升大学教师的课程整合能力、重视教师的言传身教、运用多样化的教学方法以及改革课程考核方式等；二是通过帮助大学生正确理解社会实践活动的内涵和实质、充分发挥大学生在社会实践中的主体性作用、全面推进大学生社会实践活动的制度化、规范化和生活化来解决当前大学生社会实践活动存在的问题；三是通过积极构建大学公共领域、培育大学公民社会组织来营造和改善大学公民教育的环境和文化氛围。
[Abstract]:The realization of the goal of socialist harmonious society and the construction of civil society with Chinese characteristics depend on the participation of a large number of high quality citizens. As a group of citizens with high quality, college students are in a special position in society and play the role of demonstration and guidance. The basic qualities required by the current social development and the development of college students' citizens include the consciousness of independent personality, the consciousness of balance between rights and obligations, the consciousness of community, the consciousness of participation and the ability of participation, and the ability of critical thinking. Public and voluntary spirit However, there is still a gap between the quality of college students and the requirements of social development. The main manifestations are: the lack of independent personality consciousness, the imbalance between rights and obligations, the weakening of community consciousness, the need to improve the consciousness of participation and participation, the lack of critical thinking ability, and the tendency of college students' voluntary action to be utilitarian. The public consciousness is weak, the public spirit lacks and so on. Universities in our country, as an important base for training high-quality citizens, have not paid enough attention to civic education at present. The concrete manifestation is that universities have not yet established a systematic, complete and scientific curriculum system of civic education. The university always carries on the citizen education to the student through the ideological and political education or the moral education, pays attention to the political preaching and the theory indoctrination, neglects the student's subjectivity, neglects the relation with the real life world; There are still many problems in university social practice activities, such as students' vague understanding of the significance of social practice, less opportunities to participate in social practice exercise, inadequate organizational procedures of social practice, lack of support for activities and so on. The campus environment and cultural atmosphere of the university still have many aspects which are not conducive to the healthy growth of the citizens of the university. The development of the university public domain and the university civil society organization is still not mature enough to breed the high quality modern citizen. Based on the current situation of the citizen quality of college students in our country and the problems to be solved urgently in the implementation of civic education in our universities, on the basis of drawing lessons from and absorbing the successful examples of cultivating qualified citizens in American universities, the advanced concept of civic education is taken as the guide. Aiming at the goal of "cultivating college students into high quality citizens to promote social development", this study has designed the "course integration as the foundation, social practice as the carrier," Based on the campus environment and atmosphere "the Trinity of University Citizenship Education system." On this basis, this paper puts forward the basic strategies of implementing civic education in Chinese universities: first, through offering the core curriculum of civic education, opening the basic curriculum of civic education, infiltrating civic education into the professional curriculum, The development of cross-disciplinary comprehensive curriculum for civic education to promote the integration of civic education curriculum. In curriculum integration, we should make full use of civic education resources in and out of school, promote the ability of curriculum integration of university teachers, attach importance to teachers' teaching by words and deeds, use diversified teaching methods and reform the way of curriculum assessment. Second, by helping college students correctly understand the connotation and essence of social practice activities, giving full play to the subjective role of college students in social practice, and comprehensively promoting the institutionalization of college students' social practice activities, The third is to create and improve the environment and cultural atmosphere of university civic education by actively constructing the university public sphere and cultivating the university civil society organization.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：G641

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