政府促进大学生就业：切入点与配套政策

发布时间：2018-06-22 17:25

本文选题：失业率 + 就业保障　；参考：《西南财经大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：失业问题是个全球化的问题。无论欧洲还是美国,都存在不同程度的失业现象。然而在我国,大学生失业的现象开始越来越吸引着学界目光。自1999年大学生扩招以来,我国大学生失业问题就成为了学界一个备受瞩目的话题。改革开放三十年来,我国经济取得了举世瞩目的成就,经济的腾飞,生产力的高速发展,维持了中国GDP的稳健增长。然而,我国经济结构失衡的问题越来越严重,实体经济对经济增长的支撑与贡献率在下降,而固定资产投资,尤其是房地产投资和出口反而成为了国民经济增长的支柱。经济结构的不合理,市场化改革的不彻底,使我们在金融危机的阴影下,找不到真正解决大学生就业的切入点,抓不住现有就业制度改革的重心。与大学生失业相对的就是就业,就业是关乎国计民生的重要问题,大学生就业问题更是重中之重。尽管扩招的政策延续了十余年,但我国大学生占据国民人口总量的比例仍然很低,远远低于国外发达国家平均的水平。大学的充分就业,实现自己的人生价值,对一个国家的发展,社会的和谐与稳定具有不同寻常的意义。自从2007年开始,我国大学生就业水平开始出现拐点,2008年降低到历史最低水平,经济体系的脆弱、行业发展的结构性矛盾以及就业信息市场的失灵,过于严格苛刻的二元户籍管理制度也与日益发达的人力资源流动需求产生了矛盾,这些问题都亟须政府的解决。在宏观层面,对于日益疲惫的实体经济而言,如何激活其创造力和竞争力,引导资金理性投资,引导民间资本回归到实体经济,而不是去炒作房地产和其他行业,把振兴实体经济纳入到宏观经济的发展层面上来考虑：而在微观层面,如何解决与大学就业息息相关的就业保障、法律保障体系建设、二元户籍改革、再就业培训、高校自主权改革、以及信息化服务等诸多方面,政府也需要加大投入力度。从理论上讲,对政府大学生就业促进职能和政策进行研究,有助于进一步丰富就业理论以及公共产品投资理论；从实践上看,对大学生就业和失业问题的研究有利于解决我国高等人才供给与企业需求之间的错位矛盾,促进服务型政府的建设,对大学生就业扶助体系的建立亦有实际意义。论文主要从政府促进就业的切入点以及如何建立周密的配套扶持政策入手,通过对已有参考文献的梳理分析,结合当前中国大学生就业形势,认真研究政府在促进就业中应该承担的角色和促进就业的切入点,提出了政府应当扮演的恰当角色和相关的解决办法。论文包含六个章节：第一章为导论;第二章为研究范畴和基础理论;第三章分别从理论和实践层次对中国大学生就业形势进行分析,包括现状、原因及影响。第四章,主要分析政府对大学生就业市场的调控,包括职能演变、现实做法与未来潜力；第五章为论文的核心章节,主要介绍国外相关经验,提出我国政府促进大学生就业战略的切入点与具体配套政策和措施；第六章是总结与展望。总之,本文将从大学生就业的实际环境如何改善入手,同时有针对性的提出政府和相关机构部门该如何做,从现实中发掘改变大学生就业现状的根本途径。通过本文探究,帮助政府寻找建立正确的人力资源导向机制以及配套就业保障体系的切入点和策略。重视人力资本投资的正确导向,让高成本的投资者能够找到与之相匹配的岗位,让不同投资成本的学生能够得到企业理性的认同和包容。经过本文重点论述,希望能对政府在引导就业市场良性发展上面,以及改革户籍制度、高校教育制度、就业保障制度等方面提供帮助。
[Abstract]:Unemployment is a global problem. There are different degrees of unemployment in both Europe and the United States. However, in our country, the phenomenon of unemployment of college students has attracted more and more academic attention. Since the enrollment expansion of college students in 1999, the problem of unemployment of college students in China has become a hot topic in the academic circle. Thirty In the past year, China's economy has made remarkable achievements, the economic development and the rapid development of the productive forces have maintained the steady growth of China's GDP. However, the problem of the unbalanced economic structure in China is becoming more and more serious. The support and contribution rate of the real economy to economic growth is declining, and the investment in fixed assets, especially the investment and export of real estate, is in the opposite direction. It has become the pillar of the national economic growth. The irrational economic structure and the incomplete market reform have made us unable to find a real solution to the employment of college students in the shadow of the financial crisis, and can not hold the focus of the reform of the existing employment system. The problem, the problem of College Students' employment is the most important. Although the policy of expanding enrollment has lasted for more than ten years, the proportion of Chinese college students to occupy the total population is still very low, far below the average level of the developed countries. The full employment of universities, the realization of their own value of life, the development of a country, the harmony and stability of the society There is an unusual meaning.
Since the beginning of 2007, the employment level of college students in China has begun to appear on the turning point, in 2008 to the lowest level in history, the fragility of the economic system, the structural contradiction of the industry development and the failure of the employment information market. The too strict and strict two yuan household registration system also has a contradiction with the increasingly developed human resource flow demand. At the macro level, at the macro level, how to activate its creativity and competitiveness, guide the rational investment of capital, guide the private capital to return to the real economy, rather than stir up the real estate and other industries, and take the revitalization of the real economy into the macro economic development level. At the micro level, how to solve the employment guarantee which is closely related to the employment of University, the construction of the legal guarantee system, the reform of the two yuan household registration, the reemployment training, the reform of the autonomy of the University and the information service, and so on, the government also needs to increase its input.
In theory, the research on the employment promotion function and policy of the government college students will help to further enrich the theory of employment and the theory of public product investment. In practice, the study of the problem of employment and unemployment of college students is helpful to solve the misposition contradiction between the supply of higher talents and the demand of enterprises in China and promote the service government. The construction of the employment assistance system for college students is also of practical significance.
This paper, starting with the entry point of the government to promote employment and how to establish a thorough supporting support policy, through the analysis of the existing reference literature, combined with the current employment situation of Chinese college students, carefully studied the role that the government should undertake in promoting employment and the breakthrough point of promoting the industry, and put forward the proper role that the government should play. When role and related solutions.
The thesis consists of six chapters: the first chapter is the introduction; the second chapter is the research category and the basic theory; the third chapter analyzes the employment situation of Chinese college students from the theoretical and practical levels, including the current situation, the cause and the influence. The fourth chapter mainly analyzes the government's regulation on the employment market of college students, including the function evolution, the practical practice and the future. The fifth chapter is the core chapter of the paper, mainly introducing foreign related experience, and putting forward the entry point and specific supporting policies and measures of our government to promote the employment strategy of college students; the sixth chapter is the summary and prospect.
In a word, this article will start with the improvement of the actual environment of College Students' employment. At the same time, it is pertinent to propose how the government and the relevant agencies should do it and explore the fundamental way to change the employment status of college students from the reality. Through this paper, the government will help the government to find a correct mechanism of human resource guidance and the supporting employment support body. We should attach importance to the correct guidance of the investment of human capital, let the high cost investors find the positions that match it, let the students with different cost of investment get the identification and tolerance of the enterprise rationality. After this article, we hope that the government can guide the good development of the employment market and reform the household. It also provides assistance in the system of higher education, the education system in Colleges and universities, and the employment security system.
【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G647.38

【参考文献】