新形势下高等教育自学考试向农村拓展问题及对策研究

发布时间：2018-11-08 06:52

【摘要】： 在80年代,我国部分省市就开始探索自学考试开展适农专业,但成效甚微。直到90年代中后期才将自学考试面向农村基层地区作为一项综合改革来抓,1996年全国考办在农业部、全国考委农科专业委员会及部分省考办的支持配合下,在广泛调查研究的基础上,原国家教委与农业部联合颁布了《关于推进自学考试面向农村工作的意见》,要求各地提高认识、加强领导、深化改革,发挥自学考试的特点和优势,积极创造条件为农村培养实用型人才,为农业和农村经济建设服务。1997年11月,教育部高等教育自学考试办公室在江苏召开了“自学考试面向农村工作研讨会”。1999年国家教委颁发了《关于积极推进农村乡镇自学考试服务体系建设的意见》,自此以后,高等教育自学考试极大了调动了农民的积极性。高等教育自学考试面向农村,其中浙江和江苏两省发展比较迅速,都积累了丰富的经验,截止到2002年初,农村自学考试超过城市,浙江达68%，江苏逾50%。在新的形势下,国家提出建设社会主义新农村、全面建设小康社会,培养有文化、懂技术、会经营的新型农民,对农村劳动力素质有着更高的要求。然而我国目前农村劳动力受教育水平普遍偏低,不利于农村经济社会的发展。我国农村已全面实现九年义务教育“两免一补”政策,笔者所在的山东省兖州市已全面普及高中阶段教育,减免学费,并补贴生活费。延长农村教育年限,并转向高等教育,是农村教育发展的必然趋势。我们需要一种农村高等教育形式,能从农业、农村的实际出发,能够扎扎实实的从政策、人才培养目标、人才培养模式和人才使用上切合现代农业经济、农村社会发展,高等教育自学考试正是农村所需要的这种考试、这种教育形式。高等教育自学考试,在新的历史时期,面临的形式和承担的职能发生了变化,受高等教育大众化和多种教育形式的冲击,出现生源下降和生源分流等问题,给高等教育自学考试带来了挑战。为了迎接挑战,21世纪自学考试的重要发展趋势是向农村拓展。自学考试向农村拓展虽然已在局部结出了丰硕果实,但总揽全局,农村自学考试工作依然是自学考试发展的一个薄弱点,除少数省市发展显著外,绝大多数省进展缓慢。江苏、浙江走过的路,其他地方也需要效仿。在新的形势下,高等教育自学考试向农村拓展还有相当大的空间。笔者在追溯高等教育自学考试历史发展的基础上,明确了自学考试向农村拓展的重要意义,分析了当今高等教育自学考试自身发展中、自学考试向农村拓展中存在的问题,并在访谈来自农村的自考生和乡镇教育领导的基础上,提出了高等自学考试向农村拓展的对策。
[Abstract]:In 1980's, some provinces and cities began to explore the self-study examination to develop the suitable agriculture specialty, but the result was little. It was not until the middle and late 1990s that self-study examinations were targeted at rural grassroots areas as a comprehensive reform. In 1996, the National examination Office was supported by the Ministry of Agriculture, the National Committee of Agricultural Sciences and some provincial research offices. On the basis of extensive investigation and research, the former State Education Commission and the Ministry of Agriculture jointly promulgated the "opinions on promoting Self-study examination for Rural work," demanding that all localities raise awareness, strengthen leadership, and deepen reform. Give full play to the characteristics and advantages of self-study examinations, actively create conditions for the cultivation of practical talents in rural areas and serve agriculture and rural economic construction. The Office of Self-study examination of higher Education of the Ministry of Education held a "Seminar on Self-study examination for Rural work" in Jiangsu Province. In 1999, the State Education Commission issued "opinions on actively promoting the Construction of Self-taught examination Service system in Rural Township", and since then, The higher education self-study examination has mobilized the farmer's enthusiasm greatly. The self-study examination of higher education faces the countryside, among which Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces have developed rapidly and accumulated rich experience. By the beginning of 2002, rural self-study examination had surpassed the city, Zhejiang reached 68th, Jiangsu more than 50000. Under the new situation, the state proposes to build a new socialist countryside, to build a well-off society in an all-round way, to cultivate a new type of peasants who are literate, skilled and able to operate, and to have higher demands on the quality of rural labor forces. However, the education level of rural labor force is generally low, which is not conducive to the development of rural economy and society. The policy of "two exemptions and one supplement" for nine-year compulsory education has been fully realized in rural areas of China. Yanzhou City, where the author is located, has popularized senior middle school education, reduced tuition fees and subsidized living expenses. It is the inevitable trend of the development of rural education to extend the number of years of rural education and turn to higher education. We need a form of higher education in rural areas that can proceed from the reality of agriculture and rural areas, and be able to meet the needs of the modern agricultural economy and the development of rural society in terms of policies, personnel training objectives, talent training models and the use of talents. The self-study examination of higher education is precisely this kind of examination which the countryside needs, this kind of education form. In the new historical period, the self-study examination of higher education has changed in its forms and functions. As a result of the popularization of higher education and the impact of various forms of education, there have been problems such as the decline in the number of students and the diversion of students. It brings challenges to the self-study examination of higher education. In order to meet the challenge, the important development trend of self-study examination in the 21 st century is to expand to the countryside. Although self-study examination has developed into rural areas, it has produced fruitful fruits in some areas, but it is still a weak point in the development of self-study examination. Except for a few provinces and cities, the development of most provinces is slow. Jiangsu, Zhejiang walk the road, other places also need to follow. Under the new situation, the higher education self-study examination still has considerable space to expand to the countryside. On the basis of tracing back to the historical development of higher education self-study examination, the author clarifies the important significance of self-study examination expanding to rural area, and analyzes the problems existing in the development of self-study examination of higher education from self-study examination to rural area. On the basis of interview with self-examinees from rural areas and education leaders of villages and towns, the author puts forward the countermeasures of expanding higher self-study examination to rural areas.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：G726.9

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