学校德育困境及其消解的自身探究

发布时间：2018-09-01 14:44

【摘要】：德育是学校教育的重要组成部分，是其他各育存在的基础和前提，在社会中起着不可忽视的作用。伴随着全球化、多元化、市场化的到来，当今的学校德育却面临着巨大的困境和严峻的挑战，而德育的状况直接反映国民的素质，关乎民族的前途和社会的发展。因而，对目前的德育困境进行表征，并找寻其存在的原因，提出有针对性的策略，是社会主义精神文明建设的迫切需要，是推进德育改革的题中之义。本研究以文献法为基础，辅之以案例分析法和历史分析法，把德育自身作为出发点，力争从中观和微观的角度对德育困境进行深入分析，透视德育困境产生的自身原因，从而提出突破德育困境的方法策略。因而本文主要分为三个部分，解决四个问题，第一个问题是对德育困境存在性的判定，从理论和实践的角度分别论证，以肯定我国德育存在困境；第二个问题主要是德育困境的表征，也是本文的第二部分，笔者得益于教育公平的划分视角，将德育困境划分为处境上的困境、过程上的困境和结果上的困境，并从当今的德育状况入手进行归类论述；第三个问题是德育困境的原因探寻，也是本文的关键部分，笔者针对目前对学校德育困境的探讨都着眼于外在原因的状况，立足于德育困境的三个表征，主要从德育地位、德育的价值取向、德育主体的迷失、德育与文化的分离、德育违背道德自身的性质、思维德育与实践德育的失衡以及德育体制等方面进行归因分析，并认为只有探明德育困境的内在原因，提出合理的措施，才能提高德育的实效性，走出德育困境；第四个问题是德育困境的对策研究，通过对德育困境自身原因的探寻，，笔者提出主要的五项措施，即合理审视德育的地位、价值取向切合实际、德育主体走向理性、以文化人并构建文化型德育、平衡思维德育与实践德育，力争通过这些措施，为德育改革提供一些建议，以更好地指导德育实践和教学。最后，德育要走出困境，需要各行各业的共同努力。只有将德育内在的努力与外在的条件进行有机统一，整合好家庭、学校、社会三者在德育中的力量，我们的德育才能拥有美好的明天。
[Abstract]:Moral education is an important part of school education, is the basis and premise of other education, and plays an important role in society. With the advent of globalization, diversification and marketization, moral education in schools is facing great difficulties and severe challenges, and the situation of moral education directly reflects the quality of the people, which is related to the future of the nation and the development of the society. Therefore, it is an urgent need for the construction of socialist spiritual civilization to characterize the current plight of moral education, to find out the reasons for its existence, and to put forward targeted strategies, which is the meaning of the reform of moral education. This study is based on the literature method, supplemented by case analysis and historical analysis, and takes moral education itself as the starting point, and tries to analyze the dilemma of moral education from the perspective of meso and micro, and to see through the causes of the predicament of moral education. Therefore, the method and strategy of breaking through the dilemma of moral education are put forward. So this paper is divided into three parts, to solve four problems, the first problem is to determine the existence of moral dilemma, from the perspective of theory and practice, respectively, in order to confirm the existence of the dilemma of moral education in China; The second problem is the representation of moral dilemma and the second part of this paper. The author divides the dilemma of moral education into the predicament in the situation, the dilemma in the process and the predicament in the result in the perspective of educational fairness. The third problem is to explore the reasons of moral dilemma, which is also the key part of this paper. The author focuses on the external reasons for the current discussion of the plight of moral education in schools. Based on the three representations of moral dilemma, it is mainly from the status of moral education, the value orientation of moral education, the loss of the subject of moral education, the separation of moral education and culture, and the violation of the nature of morality itself. This paper analyzes the imbalanced thinking and practical moral education and the moral education system, and points out that only by exploring the internal reasons of moral dilemma and putting forward reasonable measures, can the effectiveness of moral education be improved and the dilemma of moral education be out of the way. The fourth question is the countermeasure research of the moral education predicament. Through the exploration of the reason of the moral education predicament, the author puts forward five main measures, that is, to examine the status of moral education reasonably, the value orientation is in line with the reality, and the moral education subject moves towards the rationality. In order to provide some suggestions for the reform of moral education and to guide the practice and teaching of moral education, we should balance the moral education of thinking and practice with the intellectuals and construct the cultural moral education. Finally, moral education needs the joint efforts of various industries in order to get out of the predicament. Only by unifying the internal efforts of moral education with external conditions and integrating the strength of family, school and society in moral education, can our moral education have a bright future.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：G41

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