小学科学学业测评开放性试题设计研究

发布时间：2018-01-16 13:23

本文关键词：小学科学学业测评开放性试题设计研究　出处：《东北师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：如今科学知识的掌握和运用成为推动社会进步的强大动力,科学教育的质量关乎全体公民的素质,科学教育逐步走进人们的视野。我国的科学教育改革正在逐步推行,小学阶段的科学教育在学校中也越来越受到重视。在全面推进科学教育改革过程中,小学科学学业评价是值得关注的重要方面。纸笔测试作为评价的主要工具应该实现培养学生科学素养、引导科学启蒙的作用。学业测评试题的开发要加强试题的开放性、灵活性,注重考察学生学习潜能和创造性思维能力,引导学生逐渐喜欢科学课程,开放性试题作为封闭题的反叛和补充形式符合以上要求。开放性试题试图改变学生以往被动接受知识的学习方式、逐步引导学生发表不同的见解,从而培养学生质疑能力和创新能力。对于小学科学学科的开放性试题研究,首先应对以往相关文献进行梳理;然后在此基础上通过总结和思考,对小学科学开放题的内涵、分类、价值进行深入的理论探讨,其中着重对试题的设计开发进行研究,分析试题的设计的原则、方法,提出开放题设计的方法和步骤;最后根据提出的步骤结合几种常用的设计方法,对不同种类的开放题进行设计研究。研究发现,设计符合评价内容和学生经验的不同种类、不同开放度的试题是开放题命题的困难,也是关键。本文的最后给出了几点关于试题设计的建议,期望能对一线教师命题起到借鉴意义,促进教学评价科学化。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, the mastery and application of scientific knowledge has become a powerful driving force to promote social progress, and the quality of scientific education relates to the quality of all citizens. Science education has gradually come into people's view. The reform of science education in our country is being carried out step by step, and the science education in primary school is paid more and more attention to in the process of promoting the reform of science education in an all-round way. The primary school science academic evaluation is an important aspect that deserves attention. As the main tool of evaluation, the paper and pen test should realize the cultivation of students' scientific literacy. The development of the academic test questions should strengthen the openness, flexibility, pay attention to the students' learning potential and creative thinking ability, and guide students to like the science course gradually. Open test questions, as a rebel and supplementary form of closed questions, meet the above requirements. Open test questions attempt to change the way students used to passively accept knowledge and gradually guide students to express different opinions. In order to cultivate students' ability of questioning and innovation, the research on open test questions of primary school science subjects should be combed out in the past. Then through summing up and thinking, the connotation, classification and value of scientific open problems in primary schools are discussed in depth, among which, the design and development of test questions are studied, and the design principles of test questions are analyzed. Methods: the methods and steps of open question design were put forward. Finally, according to the proposed steps combined with several common design methods, the design of different types of open problems is studied. The study found that the design accords with the evaluation content and students' experience of different types. At the end of this paper, some suggestions on the design of test questions are given, which are expected to serve as reference for teachers' propositions and promote the scientific evaluation of teaching.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G623.6

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