哑铃操对水平二小学生上肢力量素质影响的实验研究

发布时间：2018-01-19 07:31

本文关键词： 哑铃操水平二小学生上肢力量素质　出处：《河北师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着当今社会人民生活水平的不断提高,我国中小学生的生活方式、活动形式及体质状态也发生了极大的变化,伴随着这一变化中小学生的体质却呈现出了下降的状态。近年来,中小学生体质持续下降,尤其是中小学生握力增长下降的趋势更为明显。中小学生是祖国的未来,民族的希望,中小学生体质持续下降,直接影响着祖国未来的发展。而当前中小学生上肢力量素质发展趋势不稳定,急需加强中小学生的上肢力量素质的锻炼。本论文从水平二小学生生长发育的特点出发,创编适合水平二小学生练习的哑铃操来发展小学生的上肢力量素质。通过对水平二的学生进行哑铃操的运动干预,验证哑铃操创编的科学性,通过实验对象手持不同重量的哑铃进行哑铃操的锻炼,分析适宜小学生上肢力量素质发展的最佳方案,进而为提高小学生上肢力量素质提供针对性、科学性及有效性的哑铃操锻炼,丰富发展小学生上肢力量素质的方法,为针对性的提高小学生上肢力量素质提供有效的实践依据。本研究运用了文献资料法、访谈法、实验法和数理统计法等方法进行研究。选取石家庄市红星小学水平二的三、四年级各2个自然班的学生为实验对象,每班学生再随机分成2个组,共分4个组,分别为3%组、6%组、变化组和对照组。三个实验组进行不同方案的哑铃操练习,对照组进行正常体育课的学习,每周3次课,每次15分钟,进行为期16周的实验研究。测试指标包括身体形态、身体机能、身体素质及上肢力量素质测试指标。研究结果:(1)本研究中所设计的哑铃操是在音乐伴随下进行练习,成套动作练习后,心率达到本人最大心率的60%-85%之间,每周3次,每次练习15分钟左右,运动负荷基本符合水平二小学生练习的要求。(2)经过16周的哑铃操练习,三个组别的学生在握力、持铃侧平举、斜体向上、坐姿掷实心球、跪卧撑、闭目侧平举成绩上都有非常明显的提高(P0.01);同时对于身体形态的指标中上臂围差有非常显著性差异(p0.01);身体素质指标中1分钟跳绳也有不同程度的显著性差异;其它身体形态、身体机能和身体素质各项指标无显著性差异(p0.05)。(3)经过哑铃操的练习,不同重量的哑铃组别所显示的效果也不相同,各组间存在不同程度的显著性差异,上肢力量素质指标中6%组对握力、持铃侧平举、斜体向上、跪卧撑、坐姿掷实心球成绩的提高有显著性作用;变化组对闭目侧平举的成绩提高效果最佳。同时三个不同重量哑铃操组锻炼方式中对上臂围差指标也有不同程度的影响,男女生的变化趋势相同,影响效果由高到低依次为:6%组、变化组、3%组;对1分钟跳绳指标有不同程度的显著性差异,男女生趋势一致,3%组与变化组有非常显著性差异(p0.01),3%组与6%组有显著性差异(p0.05),6%组与变化组有显著性差异(p0.05)。其他各项指标均无显著性差异(p0.05)。研究结论:(1)本研究所设计的哑铃操,核心动作选择合理,成套动作的运动负荷适合水平二小学生。(2)实验结果表明:哑铃操的练习对水平二小学生的上肢力量素质提高有显著作用。(3)不同重量哑铃操组对水平二男、女生的锻炼效果不尽相同。其中肌肉力量耐力和爆发力的练习效果由高到低依次为:6%组、变化组、3%组;肌肉协调控制能力锻炼效果有显著性提高,练习效果呈现一致性,变化趋势由高到低依次为:变化组、6%组、3%组。
[Abstract]:Along with the continuous improvement of people's living standards, China's middle school students life style, activity form and physical status has also undergone a great change, with the change of the primary and middle school students physique has showed a decline in the state. In recent years, primary and middle school students' physique continued to decline, especially in primary and middle school students grip growth the trend is more obvious. The elementary and middle school students are the future of the motherland, the hope of the nation, and continued to decline in physical fitness of students, directly affect the future development of the motherland. And the development trend of the power quality of the current primary and middle school students of upper limbs is not stable, the urgent need to strengthen the students' quality of upper limb strength exercise. The characteristics of this paper from the two levels of pupils' growth the two level for creating dumbbell exercises students to develop primary school students' exercise of power quality. Based on the upper level of two students were dumbbell exercise movement stem Pre scientific verification of dumbbell exercises ", through the experiment of different weight of hand-held dumbbells dumbbell exercise exercise, best program analysis of upper limb strength quality development of students, so as to improve the quality of pupils' upper limb strength provide targeted, scientific and effective method of dumbbell exercise exercise, enrich the development of pupils' upper limb strength quality and to provide an effective basis for the practice of improving students' quality. Upper limb strength of the use of the literature method, interview method, experimental research method and mathematical statistics method. Select the level of primary school in Shijiazhuang city in two star three, the fourth grade of the 2 classes of students as experimental subjects, students per class then randomly divided into 2 groups, were divided into 4 groups, respectively, into 3% groups, 6% groups, change group and control group. Three groups of different schemes of dumbbell exercises, the control group of normal body Education class learning, class 3 times a week, every 15 minutes, experiments were carried out for 16 weeks. The test indexes including body shape, body function, body quality and upper limb strength quality testing index. Results: (1) dumbbell designed in this study. In music practice, complete sets of actions after practice, my heart rate reached maximum heart rate between 60%-85%, 3 times a week, each exercise 15 minutes, exercise load accords with the level of two pupils practice requirements. (2) after 16 weeks of dumbbell exercises, three groups of students holding force, holding the bell sideward, italics upward, throwing solid posture the ball, kneeling support, eyes closed lateral raise grades have very significantly improved (P0.01); at the same time, there was a significant difference in body shape index in the upper arm circumference difference (P0.01); physical quality index in the 1 minute jump rope also has significant differences; Other body shape, there was no significant difference between the indexes of body function and the quality (P0.05). (3) after the dumbbell exercises, different weight groups showed the dumbbell effect is not the same, there are significant differences between the groups, the upper limb strength quality refers to the standard grip 6% groups, holding the bell sideward, italic, upward, kneeling posture support, have significant effect to improve the performance of solid ball throwing out the eyes closed; change group side improve the performance of the best effect. At the same time in three different weight groups exercise dumbbell exercises also have different effects on the upper arm circumference difference index, the change trend of male and female students the same effect from high to low: 6% groups change group, the 3% groups; there were significant differences in different degrees for 1 minutes skipping index, male and female students the same trend, there was a significant difference between 3% groups (P0.01 group), and the changes of the 3% groups have significant difference between 6% groups (P0.05), there was significant difference between the 6% groups and change group (P0.05). There were no significant differences in other indicators (P0.05). Conclusions: (1) the design of the dumbbell exercises, reasonable selection of the core action, exercise routines for level two students. The experimental results show that (2) the quality of the level two pupils: dumbbell exercises improve upper limb strength have a significant effect. (3) different weight dumbbell exercise group on the level of two male, female exercise effect is not the same. The muscle strength and endurance power exercise effect from high to low: 6% group, 3% group change group. The effect of exercise; muscle coordination control ability has improved significantly, practice results show consistency, change trend from high to low is: change group, 6% group, 3% group.

【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G623.8

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