小学中年级音乐课歌唱教学探究

发布时间：2018-02-13 22:42

本文关键词： 歌唱教学中年级学生心理　出处：《中央民族大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：小学音乐课是实施美育的主要途径,对素质教育的推进和基础教育课程改革至关重要,通过音乐艺术形象的感染,培养学生的音乐审美能力和表现力,让学生在愉悦的氛围中积极主动地获取知识,并获得快乐的体验才是教学的真正目的。歌唱教学在小学音乐课中的应用和实施,是具有教育性和普及性的,而这就要求我们教学,应该要以学生为中心,促使学生的充分发展。但在当前的小学歌唱教学现状中,依然存在灌输式教学、缺少对学生心理的关注、教学形式过于单一导致学生兴趣不高等问题,与教学目的相背离,严重阻碍了学生健康、全面的发展,不利于歌唱教学的前进发展。为了有效地实施歌唱教学,应当遵循中年级学生的发展规律,不仅要关注学生的生理表征,还要关注他们的心理特征,运用科学的教学方法,提高学生的歌唱能力和音乐审美能力,促进学生的情感表达和自身体验,实现歌唱教学的目的。本论文所研究的小学中年级音乐课歌唱教学,基于三维目标,关注学生的生理和心理特点,注重学生的基础知识和能力的奠定,情感表达能力的提升和多种方式的体验感受,着力构建以学生为主体的课堂教学氛围,对小学歌唱教学进行探究与思考,可分为以下四个部分:一、围绕三维目标论述了小学歌唱教学的培养目标,总结知识、情感、方法三方面的不同作用,并以歌唱生理和心理的特征提供理论支撑。二、采用调查问卷和访谈法,以教师和学生为调查对象,深入实际中了解歌唱教学现状,明确学校的课程设置与教学内容,继而从课程安排情况、职业的热爱程度、师资配置情况、对课标的认识程度、课后反馈等对教师课堂教学情况进行调查,从喜爱音乐的程度、对课程的满意程度和学习效果对学生课堂学习情况展开调查,结合调查数据结果发现问题并展开思考。三、从自身歌唱经验出发,结合中年级学生特点,围绕歌唱技能、情感表达、体验方式三方面进行教学实施:首先从歌唱姿势、呼吸、发声、咬字等方面入手,结合中年级学生的生理特征进行基础教学,声带发展状况决定音域的高低,肺活量的大小对呼吸练习要进行有效控制等;其次根据选曲、对歌曲的感悟和理解和歌唱情感的控制进行思考设计,从速度、音色、力度的演唱处理角度和歌唱者自身的角度把握情感;最后以节奏模仿、游戏体验、体态律动等方式丰富课堂教学,寓教于乐,提高学生的学习兴趣和积极性。四、针对调查结果和教学实施中出现的问题,进行深刻反思并提出一些教学建议。歌唱教学能培养学生的音乐审美能力,提升情感的表达,丰富自身的体验。随着教育改革和教育理念的不断更新,作为一名小学音乐老师,应当明确小学歌唱教学的最终目的是为了让学生在快乐中歌唱,自然地歌唱,而不是灌输式的教学。在教学中理论知识要有的放矢,方法要行之有效,尊重学生的主体地位,更多地关注他们的生理和心理发展状况,关爱他们内心的真实感受,提高学习兴趣,才能保证歌唱教学的有效实施。
[Abstract]:Primary school music class is the main way to implement aesthetic education, for the promotion of quality education and basic education curriculum reform is very important, through the music artistic image of the infection, and cultivate the students' ability of musical aesthetic and expressive, let students acquire knowledge actively in a pleasant atmosphere, and happiness experience is the real purpose of teaching. The application and implementation of singing teaching in primary school music class, with education and popularity, which requires our teaching should take the student as the center, the full development of students. But in the present situation of primary school singing teaching in current teaching, still exist, the lack of students' Psychological attention. The teaching form is too single to the students' interest is not high, and deviate from the aim of teaching, seriously hindered the students' healthy, all-round development, is not conducive to the development of singing teaching in order to advance. The implementation of singing teaching, should follow the law of development of students, not only to pay attention to students' physiological characterization, but also pay attention to their psychological features, using scientific teaching methods, improve the ability of singing and music aesthetic ability of students, promote student's emotional expression and their own experience, to achieve the purpose of singing teaching. Teaching in this paper study on the middle grade of primary school music class singing, based on the three-dimensional target, pay attention to the physiological and psychological characteristics of students, laid emphasis on students' basic knowledge and ability, enhance the ability of emotional expression and various ways of experience, focus on building a student-centered classroom teaching atmosphere of primary school singing teaching of inquiry and thinking, can divided into the following four parts: first, discusses the target about three-dimensional training objectives, primary school singing teaching summary of knowledge, emotion, different effects of the three approaches, and to To provide theoretical support for the physical and psychological characteristics of singing. In two, the use of questionnaires and interviews, teachers and students as the investigation object, understand the singing teaching situation in-depth practical, clear curriculum and teaching content of the school, and then from the curriculum, the love degree of occupation, the allocation of Teachers, the level of awareness of curriculum the feedback of survey of teachers' classroom teaching, from the musical level, course satisfaction and learning situation investigation on students' classroom learning, combined with the survey data found that the problem and start thinking. Three, starting from their own singing experience, combined with the characteristics of students, focus on singing skills, emotion the expression, teaching in three aspects: first, from the experience of singing posture, breathing, vocalization, pronunciation and other aspects, combined with the physiological characteristics of middle grade students of elementary education Study, development of vocal range of the decision level, the size of the vital capacity breathing exercises to effectively control; secondly according to the selections, control the song sentiment and understanding and sings the emotion thinking from the design, speed, timbre, intensity of the singing and sing their own point of view to grasp the emotion; finally to imitate the rhythm the game, experience, body rhythm etc. enrich the classroom teaching, entertaining, improve students' learning interest and enthusiasm. Four, according to the implementation results and investigation of teaching problems in deep reflection and puts forward some teaching suggestions. Singing teaching can cultivate students' aesthetic ability, enhance the expression of emotion, enrich their own experience with the education reform and the concept of constantly updated, as a primary school music teacher, the ultimate goal should be clear primary school singing teaching is to let students in the fast Music singing, singing naturally, rather than teaching. To the theoretical knowledge in teaching methods should be targeted, effective, respect the dominant position of the students, pay more attention to their physical and mental development, caring for the true feelings in their hearts, increase interest in learning, in order to ensure the effective implementation of singing teaching.

【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G623.71

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