小学第二学段学生数据分析观念的现状调查与分析

发布时间：2018-02-21 01:48

本文关键词： 第二学段数据分析观念现状　出处：《渤海大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在信息社会的今天,人们每天都面对着形式多样的、大量的数据,如何从如此繁杂的数据中得到有意义的信息,并对此进行近一步的分析和判断,就需要人们具备相关的数据分析处理能力,因此,具有一定的数据分析能力成为现代人们不可缺少的素养。在2015年的第五届基础教育改革与发展论坛上,也提出了数学学科的核心素养应包括:数学抽象、直观想象、逻辑推理、数学建模、数学运算及数据分析。其中,数据分析素养的提及,不仅是出现在高中核心素养中的概念,从2011年的《义务教育数学课程标准》中,就提出了相应的概念,并且是作为核心概念出现。本研究就是建立在此基础上展开的,针对小学第二学段学生数据分析观念的发展现状进行分析研究。本研究将数据分析观念的内涵概括为四个维度,即:维度一:数据意识;维度二:体会数据中蕴含着信息;维度三:根据问题的背景选择合适的方法;维度四:通过数据分析体验随机性。以学生对于“统计与概率”中的知识点的掌握情况进行分析,并在四个维度的基础上,采用文献研究法、学生纸笔测试法以及教师访谈的方法,以锦州市5所小学的1232名学生为调查对象,对学生数据分析观念的发展现状进行分析研究。同时,对调查的部分学校教师进行访谈,以此来了解学生学习和教师教学的实际情况。基于调查所收集到的数据资料发现:小学第二学段学生的数据分析观念发展水平虽然整体呈现为上升的趋势,但是学生总体数据分析观念发展水平仍然较低;学生统计思维能力较弱,对于平均数的统计意义理解不足;由于缺失一定的基本活动经验,因此导致学生数据意识薄弱。针对调查中学生出现的问题,对教师教学提出以下建议:(1)基于核心素养的教师专业能力的提升:首先在教学思想上,需要改变自身的观念,能够与时俱进,多了解现当代推行的数学教学思想及教学观念,提升教师本身的专业能力,提升教师素养,以此来培养学生的数学核心素养。(2)灵活运用教材,创设有效课堂活动:教师对于教材的处理,应该灵活运用,研究分析教材中出现的案例,创设贴近现实的实验活动,体会到“用教材教,而不是教教材”的思想。
[Abstract]:In today's information society, people are faced with a variety of forms of data every day, how to get meaningful information from such complicated data, and to further analyze and judge it. It is necessary for people to have the ability to analyze and process relevant data. Therefore, having a certain ability of data analysis has become an indispensable accomplishment of modern people. In 2015, at the 5th Forum on the Reform and Development of basic Education, It is also put forward that the core literacy of mathematics should include: mathematics abstraction, intuitive imagination, logical reasoning, mathematical modeling, mathematical operation and data analysis, among which, the reference to data analysis literacy is not only the concept that appears in the core literacy of senior high school. Since 2011, the mathematics curriculum standard of compulsory education has put forward the corresponding concept, and appeared as the core concept. This study summarizes the concept of data analysis into four dimensions: dimension 1: data consciousness, dimension 2: experience the information in data, and research on the development of the concept of data analysis in the second stage of primary school. The research summarizes the connotation of the concept of data analysis into four dimensions: dimension 1: data consciousness, dimension 2: understanding the information in the data; Dimension 3: choose the appropriate method according to the background of the problem; Dimension 4: experience randomness through data analysis. Analyze the students' mastery of the knowledge points in Statistics and probability, and on the basis of the four dimensions, With the methods of literature research, student paper and pen test and teacher interview, 1232 students from 5 primary schools in Jinzhou were investigated, and the development status of the concept of student data analysis was analyzed and studied. Some of the school teachers surveyed were interviewed, Based on the data collected from the survey, it is found that the development level of the data analysis concept of the students in the second stage of primary school is on the rise as a whole. However, the development level of students' overall data analysis concept is still relatively low; the students' statistical thinking ability is weak, and their understanding of the statistical meaning of the average is insufficient; due to the lack of certain basic activity experience, As a result, students' awareness of data is weak. In order to investigate the problems of middle school students, this paper puts forward the following suggestions to teachers' teaching: firstly, teachers' professional ability based on core literacy should be improved: first of all, in teaching thought, we need to change our own concept. To be able to keep pace with the times, to learn more about the modern and contemporary mathematics teaching ideas and concepts, to enhance teachers' professional abilities and teachers' qualities, to cultivate students' core mathematics literacy, and to use teaching materials flexibly. Creating effective classroom activities: teachers should use teaching materials flexibly, study and analyze cases in teaching materials, create experimental activities close to reality, and realize the idea of "teaching with textbooks rather than teaching textbooks".
【学位授予单位】：渤海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G623.5

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